The invention discloses a solar photo-thermal power generation system and an energy storage method. Liquid metal battery bodies are combined and stringed and then are placed in a heat storage working medium storage tank body of a heat storage system, the high-temperature liquid metal battery bodies capable of sensing head and storing heat are used as heat storage working media and are placed in a high-temperature storage tank, a grid connection current transformer and a heat exchange device are added on liquid metal batteries, the liquid metal battery bodies and a traditional heat storage system jointly form the power generation system capable of storing the electric energy and the heat energy at the same time, battery independent mounting cost and the heat storage working medium cost are saved, and more heat storage volume can be added. The heat storage system can provide the necessary high-temperature working environment for the liquid metal batteries, when the supply of the electric energy of a power grid is greater than the demand, the liquid metal batteries are charged, the liquid metal batteries can be used as heating elements for converting redundant electric energy of the power grid into heat energy to be stored, and the imbalance between supply and demand of the power grid is adjusted. According to the solar photo-thermal power generation system and the energy storage method, the heat energy and the electric energy are stored at the same time, the operation mode flexibility of the power generation system is greatly improved, more operating modes are created, and the power grid and power supply demands are met.