The invention discloses a plantation method of a high-yield cucumber. The method comprises the following steps: after final signaling of cucumber seedlings, applying a cucumber special-purpose fertilizer, drawing strings to put up a shelter, performing intertillage weeding, when cucumber tendrils grow to somewhere close to the top of the shelter, carrying out tendril falling, and stopping watering three to five days before the tendrils fall, wherein raw materials of the cucumber special-purpose fertilizer comprise composite coating urea, mono-Ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium silicate, EDTA Chelating zinc, ammonium ferrous sulfate, EDTA Chelating zinc, rotted chicken manure, molasses powder, peat, weathered coal, kaolin, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Paenibacillus polymyxa; and cleaning stems and the tendrils, picking cirrus, for cucumbers grown from side tendrils, when the cucumber tendrils grow to 5 to 15cm, pinching main tendrils, reserving two to five lateral branches, and plucking the cucumbers when the cucumbers are ripe. According to the method provided by the invention, the slow release effect is good, the soil structure can be improved, nutrients are abundant, the cucumber output is high, the plantation method is simple, and the cost is low.