The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit of vacuum pipelines, in particular to a partition device of a vacuum pipeline. The partition device comprises a shell, the shell is transversely arranged between two adjacent pipeline beams, the shell is respectively in sealed connection with two adjacent pipeline beams, openings matched with the inner diameters of the two adjacent pipeline beams are formed in the two side surfaces of the shell respectively, a track beam connecting section and a gate are arranged in the shell, the track beam connecting section and the gate are respectively and slidably connected into the shell, the width of the track beam connecting section and the gate are matched with the width of the shell, the size of the gate is larger than that of the opening. According to the partition device, by the adoption of the device, automatic sealing of the gate can be realized by utilizing the air pressure difference, pressing force does not need to be applied, the pipeline beam can be segmented in a segmented mode, the independent region can be conveniently restored to normal pressure, the recovery speed is improved, the time and the cost are reduced, therescue evacuation efficiency is improved, the normal operation of the train cannot be influenced at ordinary times, the structure is practical, and the installation is convenient.