The invention belongs to the technical field of pipe pile joints, and relates to a meshing type pipe pile quick coupling structure. The main body structure comprises an upper-section pipe pile, an upper end plate, a lower-section pipe pile, a lower end plate, bolt holes, connecting grooves, connecting openings, prestressed rib anchoring holes, connecting pins, lower meshing teeth, nuts, connectingblocks, upper meshing teeth and pressure springs. The number of the bolt holes, the connecting grooves and the prestressed rib anchor holes in the upper end plate and the lower end plate is reduced to four, thus the probability of inaccurate alignment of the connecting pins and the connecting grooves is reduced, and the construction operation time is shortened; the lower parts of the connecting pins are changed into a cross-shaped section tooth form from a rectangular tooth form, the lower meshing teeth inclined downwards are arranged on the surfaces of the cross-shaped bodies, and the uppermeshing teeth which are inclined upwards are arranged on the surface of the connecting blocks, so that the lower meshing teeth are easily pressed into the upper meshing teeth and are not easy to pullout; and the self-locking function is achieved, and the reduction of shear resistance and bending-resistant bearing capacity of a joint of the upper-section pipe pile and the lower-section pipe pile due to the reduction of the bolt holes and the connecting grooves is avoided.