The invention discloses a multi-energy cooperative self-adaptive drying system and drying method, and relates to the technical field of aquatic product drying. The multi-energy cooperative self-adaptive drying system comprises a phase change heat storage drying mechanism, a heat pump drying mechanism, a photovoltaic power generation mechanism and a solar radiation drying chamber, wherein a first heat exchanger and a first evaporative condenser are further installed in the solar radiation drying chamber, the phase change heat storage drying mechanism is connected with the first heat exchanger,the heat pump drying mechanism is connected with the first evaporative condenser, and the photovoltaic power generation mechanism is electrically connected with the heat pump drying mechanism. According to the system, corresponding drying modes can be selected according to different environmental conditions, meanwhile, multi-energy sources such as solar energy, stored heat energy and heat pump airenergy are comprehensively utilized, a multi-energy cooperative complementary regulation and control strategy is established, and a solar radiation, phase change heat storage and heat pump cooperative drying technology is formed.