The application belongs to the technical field of buffers, and particularly relates to a longitudinal traction buffer device for a road-rail vehicle, which comprises a coupler, a buffer, a from-plate and a coupler
tail frame. The buffer comprises a cylinder, a No. 1
piston, a connecting frame, a traction guide rod, a conversion unit. When the traction guide rod of the buffer is impacted and moves left, the No. 1
piston moves left, extrudes hydraulic oil and pushes the No. 2
piston. Since the No. 2 spring is arranged between the baffle and the No. 2 piston, when the No. 2 piston is pushed, the No. 2 piston extrudes the No. 2 spring, and the
impact force is shared as the elastic
potential energy of the No. 2 spring, so that the purpose of sharing the buffer force is achieved. Similarly, when the traction guide rod moves right, the effect of sharing the buffer force can also be achieved.