A
Michelson interferometer measuring device and a measuring method thereof, comprising a base, a
test bench and a digital caliper, wherein the
test bench is fixed on the upper surface of the base through a supporting column, threaded slots are provided at four top corners of the base, each threaded slot is threadedly connected with a leveling screw, a track mounting slot is provided on the upper surface of the
test bench, two parallel tracks are fixed in the track mounting slot along a direction perpendicular to the front side of the test bench, a sliding block is slidably bridged on the two parallel tracks, an M2
plane mirror is fixed on the sliding block, a
beam splitter, a compensation mirror and an M1
plane mirror are sequentially arranged at the rear of the test bench, the M1
plane mirror is vertically arranged with the M2 plane mirror, an observation screen is arranged behind the
beam splitter through a bracket, a lead screw is rotatably connected in the track mounting slot, the invention converts the movement of the M2 plane mirror into the movement of a rack by arranging a gear on the lead screw, and the movement amount is directly measured by a digital caliper fixed above the rack, the operation is simple, the
gear transmission is accurate, and the reading can be completed quickly.