The invention belongs to the field of the cleaning of scales on a tube of an evaporator, and discloses a chemical cleaning method for the scales on the tube of the evaporator for producing ammonium sulfate, which comprises the following steps: dredging and water washing; alkali washing: namely, adding water to carry out circulation, adding 10-40% of alkali, 0.5-1.0% of anionic surfactant and 0.5-3.3% of trisodium orthophosphate according to the amount of the water, and then, heating up to 65-95 DEG C, maintaining the temperature, monitoring the concentration of the alkali once per two hours, replenishing the alkali in time when the concentration of the alkali is less than 5%, so that the final concentration of the alkali is not less than 5%, discharging a cleaning solution outside, and adding the water again for cleaning, thereby completing the alkali washing; pickling: namely, adding the water for carrying out the circulation, adding 0.2-1.0% of pickling corrosion inhibitor and 5-10%of acid according to the amount of the water, reacting at a normal temperature, monitoring the concentration of the acid once per 0.5 hour, replenishing the acid in time when the concentration of theacid is less than 2%, and maintaining the final concentration of the acid to be 0.5-2.0%, thereby completing the pickling; and the water washing and passivating: namely, adding the water to carry outthe circulation, cleaning to be neutral, adding 2-5% of the alkali and 0.5-1.0% of the trisodium orthophosphate, circulating at the normal temperature, and carrying out passivation. By using the chemical cleaning method for the scales on the tube of the evaporator for producing the ammonium sulfate, the scales of sulfates and silicates on the tube of the evaporator can be thoroughly cleaned cleanly, thereby reaching a mirror face state.