The invention discloses an island building structure for across-riverway bridge construction. The island building structure comprises a footstone, a cofferdam is fixedly connected to the edge of the top of the footstone, a base is fixedly connected to the top of the footstone, a main pier is fixedly connected to the midpoint of the top of the base, a clay wall is fixedly connected to the surface of the main pier, the surface of the clay wall is fixedly connected with a reinforcing cage protective layer, and the bottom of the clay wall and the bottom of the reinforcing cage protective layer areboth fixedly connected with the top of the base. Through cooperation of the cofferdam, the base, the main pier, the clay wall, the reinforcing cage protective layer, a pile cap, a first connecting block, a hollow column, a chute, a slider, a threaded rod, a threaded sleeve, a connecting rod, an annular groove, a limiting block and a second connecting block, the high-stability island building structure for across-riverway bridge construction is realized; and through adjustment of a connecting device, the outward prestressing force of the cofferdam can be increased, the structure is firmer during outside pressure resisting, and the adaptability is higher.