The invention discloses a formula of a camellia oleifera planting substrate. The camellia oleifera planting substrate is prepared from, by weight, 40-60 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of perlite, 5-10 parts of vermiculite, 5-15 parts of river sand, 5-15 parts of rice hulls, 5-15 parts of loess, 3-5 parts of a nutrient medium, 2-5 parts of auxiliary ingredients and 2-5 parts of a bactericide. The formula of the camellia oleifera planting substrate has the advantages that various beneficial microbial populations catalyzing and decomposing acid can be produced, the camellia oleifera planting substrate is an optimum biological bacterium fertilizer, it is ensured that nitrogen phosphorus and potassium deficiency and fertilizer deficiency phenomena never occur in the whole growing period of camelliaoleifera seedlings, the growth of crops is promoted, the stress resistance, disease resistance, drought and waterlogging resistance, low temperature resistance and lodging resistance of the crops areenhanced, the air permeability and moisture retention effect are significant, the substrate ingredients have no pollution, the content of organic matter is rich, the growth environment of the movement of microorganisms is facilitated, harmful bacteria in the substrate can be eliminated reasonably, the healthy growth of seeds is ensured, the requirements of the crops for organic elements are met well, the healthy growth of the camellia oleifera seedling crops is ensured, and a suitable growth hotbed is provided for the crops.