The invention discloses a high-yield rheum officinale cultivation technique. The technique includes land selection and preparation and fertilization, sowing, field management, disease and pest damageprevention and control and harvesting and processing and is characterized by including steps: (1) land preparation and fertilization, to be specific, selecting a high, deep, loose, fertile, organic-rich and well-drained sandy soil plot as a base, and performing deep ploughing, careful cultivation, land preparation and sufficient base fertilizer application; (2) sowing and transplanting, wherein rheum officinale seed breeding includes seedling cultivation and transplanting, and sowing time includes spring sowing time and autumn sowing time; (3) field management, after rheum officinale seedlingsare uniform, performing intertillage weeding to guarantee no weeds in the plot, timely watering in drought weather, and draining in overcast and rainy weather; (4) disease and pest prevention and control; (5) harvesting and processing. The yield of rheum officinale cultivated according to the rheum officinale cultivation technique reaches 5000kg per mu, uniform and high medicine quality is realized, and yield is guaranteed.