The invention provides a hydrocarbon resistance fire-proof and explosion-proof coating which is prepared from, by weight, 20-60 parts of emulsion powder, 0-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 1-3 parts of hydrogenated castor oil, 15-35 parts of polyvalent alcohol phosphate flame retardant, 5-13 parts of melamine cyanurate, 4-16 parts of zinc borate, 3-6 parts of modified expanded vermiculite and 0-2 parts of rutile type nanometer titania. The coating is high in hydrocarbon fire resistance limit, also has the explosion resistance, can adhere to a base material in the good condition after an explosion happens, enables a coating film to have the pressure relief function in the explosion, and is good in adhesion force, high in strength, capable of withstanding influences of high and low temperature cycling, good in water resistance, acid-base resistance, salt corrosion resistance and weather resistance, good in flexibility, not prone to disengagement, stable in storage, long in service life, environmentally friendly, convenient to construct, low in construction cost, simple in preparation technology and low in energy consumption. The hydrocarbon resistance fire-proof and explosion-proof coating is particularly suitable for being used as surface coatings of steel materials, aluminum materials and other materials in indoor and outdoor petrochemical industries.