The invention discloses a vacuum freeze-drying process for retaining the medicative active components of a traditional Chinese medicine of radix tetrastigme, which comprises the following steps of: selecting a raw material of the radix tetrastigme, washing, slicing, predrying, loading with a tray, prefreezing, sublimating, drying and discharging after resolving and drying. The process adopts the reasonable configuration of the parameters of the time, the temperature, the pressure and the like of vacuum freeze-drying, thereby retaining the medicative active components furthest. The radix tetrastigme prepared by the process can furthest preserve the medicative components of an original medicine and reduces the properties of a crude medicine, the main anti-tumor component of general flavone is 3.6 times that of a traditional processing method, and saponin is 2.5 times that of the traditional processing method. By carrying out pulverization, physical wall breaking, discharge, dehumidification, packaging and sterilization on the radix tetrastigme after being resolved and dried by adopting the invention, an oral preparation which is an eating mode of the radix tetrastigme with best medicinal value can be prepared.