The invention provides a lightning arrester operation analog simulation system. The lightning arrester operation analog simulation system mainly comprises a data processing center, a data interactive processing interface module, a human-computer interface, an optical fiber data communication module, a power supply control measurement module, a harmonic wave power module, a power frequency high-voltage power module, a voltage divider, a high-voltage lightning arrester, a temperature and humidity measuring module, a lightning arrester resistive current precision measurement module and a SO2 environmental testing module. The data processing center, the human-computer interface and the data interactive processing interface module perform operation through a computing control platform, a host machine of the computing control platform is an industrial control computer and is provided with an optical fiber conversion module, and the host machine of the computing control platform is respectively connected with the power supply control measurement module, the lightning arrester resistive current precision measurement module and the SO2 environmental testing module through the optical fiber conversion module. In functional roles, the system can simulate joint effects of double factors including an electrical characteristic and a natural environment to simulate operation condition of an actual electric power system lightning arrester.