The invention belongs to nuclear fuel circulation technologies, and specifically discloses a uranium-containing wastewater treatment method. The treatment method is characterized in that firstly uranium-containing wastewater is subjected to pre-filtration, and followed by acidification treatment and alkalization treatment; and after being filtered again, the wastewater is subjected to silica gel adsorption uranium removing, after the wastewater reaches standards, deep treatment is performed, and if the wastewater does not reach the standards, deep treatment is performed after silica gel desorption. According to the treatment method, particulate matters in the wastewater are removed through pre-filtration firstly, thereby avoiding high temperature acidification making the uranium concentration of the wastewater increased to bring critical safety problems; with the help of the high temperature acidification, acid gases are driven off, and organic matters are destroyed, thereby avoiding affecting the adsorption of the silica gel on uranium; after the acidification, ammonia water, sodium hydroxide or the like is added to precipitate most of the uranium in the wastewater, thereby reducing the uranium concentration in the wastewater, and the precipitated wastewater is subjected to two stage filtration to make most of uranium-containing particles intercepted, thereby avoiding the uranium-containing particles polluting the silica gel, and improving the service life and the adsorption effect of the silica gel.