The invention discloses a dairy cow health real-time monitoring system based on an Android platform. The dairy cow health real-time monitoring system comprises a remote server, an internet, an Android terminal for carrying out real-time inquiry on the health state of each dairy cow in a dairy cow farm, monitoring devices worn on the bodies of the dairy cows, and passive RFID labels for recording the serial number information of the dairy cows, wherein each monitoring device comprises a microprocessor, a storage, a temperature sensor, a heart rate sensor, a blood pressure sensor, a signal conditioning circuit, a wireless transceiver module and an RFID reading unit. The dairy cow health real-time monitoring system is simple in structure, convenient to arrange, and high in intelligence, the physiological parameters of one specific dairy cow can be inquired in real time through the Android terminal, so that farmers can find the diseased dairy cows in time, and therefore, the dairy cow breeding management efficiency is improved.