The invention particularly relates to an efficient environment-friendly reactive extrusion integrated continuous processing technology of urea aldehyde and derivatives thereof. The technology specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a hydroxymethyl urea solution, then feeding the hydroxymethyl urea solution into a reactive extrusion all-in-one machine, adding or not adding phosphate or other medium trace element fertilizers, starting a reaction unit of the reactive extrusion all-in-one machine to react, and meanwhile, starting a vacuumizing devolatilization unit to remove moisture in a reaction system; and after the reaction is finished, starting an extrusion unit of the reaction and extrusion all-in-one machine, extruding to obtain a strip-shaped product, and drying and granulating to obtain a finished product. The extrusion unit and the reaction unit are integrated, forced discharging of the output end of the reaction unit is achieved, and then continuous production of urea aldehyde is achieved. Besides, a vacuumizing devolatilization unit is additionally arranged on the reaction extrusion all-in-one machine so that reaction extrusion of raw materials with different solid contents can be realized, the nutrient composition and content of the final product are flexible and variable, and the special urea aldehyde meeting the nutrient requirements of different crops is prepared.