The invention discloses a method for installing a prefabricated pier column component of a prefabricated bridge. The prefabricated pier column is correctly assembled and placed on a bearing platform which is poured in advance, and pier column bed mortar is arranged between the prefabricated pier column and the bearing platform. The method includes the steps that before the prefabricated pier column takes its place, a butt joint mark is marked; according to the marked height, a center cushion block is placed; after the prefabricated pier column hung is inserted into a reserved rebar on the bearing platform, the butt joint marks are aligned one by one; jacks for adjustment are placed, and a crane unloads force and lowers the prefabricated pier column to the center cushion block; the perpendicularity of the prefabricated pier column is adjusted by the jacks until meeting design demands, the jacks are locked, and piston stroke and the thickness of the pier column bed mortar are recorded; the prefabricated pier column is lifted away; a grouting template for preparing the pier column bed mortar is installed on the bearing platform, a grouting material is prepared based on the measured data of the thickness of the pier column bed mortar, and the pier column bed mortar is grouted and formally takes place; then the crane lowers the prefabricated pier column, the prefabricated pier column is in the right place, the jacks are locked, mortar is grouted for maintenance through grouting holes, and installation is completed.