The invention relates to a high-precision multi-tooth dividing plate magnification changing mechanism in an optical system, belongs to the technical field of magnification changing mechanisms in optical instruments, and aims to solve the problems of a complicated working mode, low repositioning accuracy and high manufacturing and operating cost of the conventional optical magnification changing system. The magnification changing mechanism comprises a base, a multi-tooth dividing plate, a magnification changing lens group I, an ejector rod, a steel ball, a magnification changing lens group II,a lifting cam, a resetting spring, a lifting motor, a guide pillar, a drive plate, a rotating motor, a rotating platform, a check nut and a roller, wherein the multi-tooth dividing plate consists of a lower multi-tooth dividing plate and an upper multi-tooth dividing plate. The rotating platform and the multi-tooth dividing plate of the magnification changing mechanism rotate together, the magnification changing lens groups move in a plane rotating mode, and the upper multi-tooth dividing plate is precisely meshed with the lower multi-tooth dividing plate after displacement is determined, so that an optical axis is high in resetting precision; and the magnification changing mechanism is convenient to use and low in manufacturing and operating cost.