The invention provides a hydraulic self-sealing plunger oil pump, for thoroughly solving the friction problem between sucker rod and oil pipe, comprising plunger, pump barrel and traveling valve, where central rod sieve tube of the plunger is jacketed with a seal elastomer layer, the seal elastomer is jacketed with rigid metal ring and elastic seal ring. In the up-stroke course of the oil pump, the high pressure in the plunger acts through the seal elastomer onto the wearable elastic seal ring to reduce clearance between the seal ring and the pump barrel, strengthening seal and reducing leakage; in the down-stroke course, the pressures at two ends of the plunger are the same, the wearable seal ring contracts, increasing the clearance and reducing down-going resistance of the plunger. And the seal ring structure of the invention is applied to all hydraulic-plunger or multi-plunger pumps, having advantages of reducing the leakage of pump, raising volume of pump and efficiency of pump, etc.