The invention discloses a wire rod performance quality detection system and method, and the system comprises a machine tool, a numerical control panel, a station plate, a cantilever, a stretching plate, a lug plate, and a visual camera.A numerical control panel is arranged at the top end of one side of the front face of the machine tool. The center and four corners of the back surface of the numerical control panel are electrically connected with the front surfaces of the central processing module, the image acquisition module, the image processing module, the numerical control driving module and the performance detection module respectively; the four sides of the back surface of the numerical control panel are electrically connected with the front surfaces of a data receiving module, a data processing module, a model construction module, a model optimization module and a data transmission module respectively; according to the invention, numerical control driving is adopted, the automation degree is high, the labor intensity of personnel is reduced, the detection cost of wires is saved, a performance quality detection model is constructed by using big data, a visual image technology is matched, the detection is intelligent, manual measurement and calculation are not needed, the detection efficiency is high, the cost is low, scientific data support is provided, and the detection precision is high.