47results about How to "Operating cost" patented technology

A measurement system is provided which comprises an analysis device with at least one of a measurement function and a sample collection function, and also at least one magazine configured to receive at least one consumer element therein. The magazine comprises a magazine housing having a pair of openings. The magazine is designed as an exchangeable magazine that can be selectively operatively connected to the analysis device. The analysis device further comprises a closure mechanism having at least one sealing element which is designed to convey at least one consumer element from one of the openings. The sealing element is further configured to sealingly close the openings of the magazine when the sealing element is disposed therein.

An arcless, atmospheric-pressure plasma generating apparatus capable of producing a large-area, temperature-controlled, stable discharge at power densities between about 0.1 W/cm³ and about 200 W/cm³, while having an operating gas temperature of less than 50° C., for processing materials outside of the discharge, is described. The apparatus produces active chemical species, including gaseous metastables and radicals which may be used for polymerization (either free radical-induced or through dehydrogenation-based polymerization), surface cleaning and modification, etching, adhesion promotion, and sterilization, as examples. The invention may include either a cooled rf-driven electrode or a cooled ground electrode, or two cooled electrodes, wherein active components of the plasma may be directed out of the plasma and onto an external workpiece without simultaneously exposing a material to the electrical influence or ionic components of the plasma.

A process for producing chlorine comprising the step of oxidizing hydrogen chloride in a gas containing hydrogen chloride with a gas containing oxygen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the oxidation of hydrogen chloride is carried out in at least two reaction zones each comprising a catalyst-packed layer, which are arranged in series, and a temperature in at least one of said reaction zones is controlled with a heat exchange system. According to this process, the stable activity of the catalyst is maintained and chlorine can be stably obtained at a high yield since the excessive hot spot in the catalyst-packed layer is suppressed and the catalyst-packed layer can be effectively used.

In a method for the acquisition of optical coherence tomography image data of retina tissue of an eye (99) of a human subject using an acquisition device comprising an imaging optics (2), a first image associated with a baseline relative positioning of the eye (99) of the human subject with respect to the imaging optics (2) is acquired at a first point in time. The baseline relative positioning is stored. At a second point in time being different from the first point in time, the baseline relative positioning of the same eye (99) of the same human subject with respect to the imaging optics (2) is re-established and a second image is acquired. For re-establishing the positioning, a present relative positioning of the eye (99) of the human subject with respect to the imaging optics is determined based on a video image of an iris region of the eye. A corresponding device comprises an imaging optics (2), a head support to be contacted by a head portion of the human subject, the head support defining an entrance position of the sample beam entering an eye of the human subject, a camera (71) for acquiring a video image of an iris region of the eye, a display (75) for displaying a target image to the human subject, the target image indicating a direction of a line of vision to be assumed by the human subject, and a processor for determining a present relative positioning of the eye of the human subject with respect to the imaging optics, based on the video image, for comparing a present relative positioning of the eye (99) of the human subject with respect to the imaging optics (2) to a stored baseline relative positioning, for affecting the target image as long as the present relative positioning does not correspond to the stored baseline relative positioning, and for triggering the acquisition of image data when the present relative positioning corresponds to the baseline relative positioning.

Exemplary embodiments provide a technique for determining life cycle cost of a tire that includes combining initial purchase information and an assessment of operating costs for a customer. Determination of operating costs includes correlating roll resistance with respect to inflation pressure and vehicle imposed load of the tire, as well as usage of the tire. The inflation pressure and vehicle imposed load are acquired for a configuration of the vehicle. The roll resistance can be determined for the pressure and load of the tire at a characteristic tread depth. The fuel consumption required for overcoming the roll resistance by the vehicle can be determined from the roll resistance and a unit cost of the fuel consumption. The operating cost can be determined from the fuel consumption multiplied by the unit cost. The life cycle cost can be determined by combining the purchase cost and the operating cost of the tire.

A method for desorption of one or more gases from a liquid stream in which a liquid stream containing at least one gas is provided to the feed side of a porous membrane and a trans-membrane pressure drop from the feed side to the opposite gas side of the membrane is created, resulting in a portion of the liquid stream filling at least a portion of the pores of the porous membrane and desorption of at least a portion of the at least one gas from the liquid stream to the gas side of the porous membrane.

This invention relates to the art of methods and apparatuses for grinding various materials into smaller particles; particularly, to those known in the art as pulverizing systems and devices. This invention provides methods and apparatuses for an improved disc mill assembly that utilizes a tapered flywheel and water jacket in conjunction with planar grinding disk cutting devices to create a tapered grinding channel.

Arrangement in connection with a diesel engine comprising an air supply system for the diesel engine for supplying suction air to the engine from the environment, the air supply system comprising at least a channel arrangement, a compressor and a heat exchanger for suction air and a cooling circuit for the diesel engine, to which circuit at least one heat exchanger is connected. The heat exchanger connected to the cooling circuit, which recovers waste heat from the diesel engine, is arranged to evaporate water by the heat received from the cooling circuit. The invention also relates to a corresponding method.

An adaptive dc-link voltage controlled LC coupling hybrid active power filter (LC-HAPF) for reactive power compensation includes: two dc capacitors to provide dc-link voltage; a three-phase voltage source inverter to convert dc-link voltage into compensating voltages; three coupling LC circuits to convert compensating voltages into currents; and an adaptive dc voltage controller with reactive power compensation control algorithm. The control algorithm includes: first, calculating required minimum dc-link voltage in each phase with respect to loading reactive power; three-phase required minimum dc-link voltage will be maximum one among their minimum values; compare it with predetermined voltage levels to determine final reference dc-link voltage. A dc-link voltage feedback P/PI controller outputs dc voltage reference compensating currents. An instantaneous power compensation controller outputs reactive reference compensating currents. The final reference compensating currents will be sum of them. A PWM circuit provides LC-HAPF adaptive dc-link voltage control and dynamic reactive power compensation.

X-ray pulse source (100) for generating X-ray pulses (1) includes electron pulse source device (10) including photo-emitter device (11) being configured for photo-induced creation of free electron pulses (2) and driver device (12) being configured for creating electromagnetic driver pulses (3) accelerating electron pulses (2) along acceleration path (7), and electromagnetic interaction device (50) comprising electromagnetic pulse source device (51) being configured for creating electromagnetic pulses (4) in interaction section (5) of electromagnetic interaction device (50), wherein electron pulse source device (10) and electromagnetic interaction device (50) are operable for generating X-ray pulses (1) by an interaction of electron pulses (2) and electromagnetic pulses (4), and driver device (12) includes THz driver pulse source (13), which is configured for creating single cycle or multi cycle THz driver pulses (3). Furthermore, a method of creating X-ray pulses (1) is described.

The invention discloses a plastic pipeline expansion piece belonging to the technical field of pipeline compensation devices. The plastic pipeline expansion piece includes a core pipe, an outer connecting sleeve B, a convex outer ring of the outer connecting sleeve B, a plunger piston inner pipe framework, a plunger piston inner pipe, and a ring seal framework, which are all connected into an integrative structure, wherein the plunger piston inner pipe is provided with a convex outer ring of the plunger piston inner pipe, and the ring seal framework is provided with an O-type seal ring A and an O-type seal ring B. When one end of the core pipe is subjected to pushing of axial thermal expansion force, the outer connecting sleeve B, the core pipe, the plunger piston inner pipe provided with the convex outer ring of the plunger piston inner pipe and connected on the plunger piston inner pipe framework, and the ring seal framework provided with the O-type seal ring A and the O-type seal ring B can move wholly, coaxially and synchronously in the axial direction through the convex outer ring of the outer connecting sleeve B which is propped against a corrugated pipe capable of deformation by self-flexibility. Through adopting the structure, the plastic pipeline expansion piece has multifunctional characteristics of reducing pipeline stress, enhancing sealing performance, improving loading capacity, having corrosion protection efficacy, and realizing large compensation dosage and broad application range.

In the present invention, copper(I) selenide (Cu_2-xSe) nanoparticles are fabricated by pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere. Uniformly dispersed Cu_2-xSe particles are synthesized by altering Cu/Se ratio, the concentration of Se Precursors (TOP Se), reaction time and temperature. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) of said Cu2-xSe nanoparticles reveals that the composition of the nanoparticles is Cu 1.95Se, wherein x=0.05. In addition, Cu_2-xSe is dissolved in ethanol to deposit thin films by electrophoretical deposition (EPD) in an inert atmosphere, wherein a positive electrode and a negative electrode are employed. The positive electrode is made of stainless steel plate and the negative electrode is made of indium tin oxide on a glass substrate. Investigations on properties and surface morphology thereof in different electrophoretical conditions are carried out. The rate of EPD is found to significantly influence the quality of thin films.

A plasma oil-free ignition system in oxygen enriched environment comprises a plasma generator and a burner. The plasma oil-free ignition system comprises a sleeve group coaxially arranged with the burner, and the sleeve group comprises multiple coaxially sleeved sleeves. Annular spaces are formed between adjacent sleeves and between the sleeves and the burner. Oxygen ducts are arranged on the sleeves, and oxygen ducts are arranged on the burner. Plasmas jetted by the plasma generators form a local high temperature zone filled with high temperature plasma and pulverized coal air flow. A certain amount of oxygen is fed to the burner through the oxygen duct therein to form local oxygen enriched zones in the annular spaces and the subsequent adjacent spaces through which air flows, thus realizing oxygen enriched combustion of volatile matters or coke or mixture thereof, and combustion the pulverized coal air flow more intensely to release more heat so as to ignite the primary air pulverized coal air flow quickly and burn the pulverized coal air flow stably. The invention has simple structure, is applicable to different coal types, especially applicable to the plasma oil-free ignition system in oxygen enriched environment of coal types with low volatile matters.

Provided is a control method of a complex energy system that supplies heat and power to energy consumers through a heat network and a power network. The control method includes monitoring energy consumption information of the energy consumers and confirming an energy price applied to each of the energy consumers, calculating a total energy consumption cost of the energy consumers according to the energy price and the energy consumption information, and controlling a cogenerator and a heat generator so that a sum of a power supply amount of the cogenerator and a power consumption amount from an external power grid is equal to a total power consumption amount of the energy consumers, a sum of a heat supply amount of the cogenerator and a heat supply amount of the heat generator is equal to a total heat consumption amount of the energy consumers, and a target function value obtained by subtracting the total energy consumption cost from a sum of a power consumption cost from the external power grid and operating costs of the cogenerator and the heat generator is maximized.

The present invention provides a system and method for purifying vanadium pentoxide. Industrial grade vanadium pentoxide is converted to vanadium oxytrichloride by low temperature fluidizing chlorination, wherein chlorinating gas is preheated via heat exchange between fluidizing gas and chlorination flue gas, and an appropriate amount of air is added to enable a part of carbon powder to combust so as to achieve a balanced heat supply during the chlorination, thereby increasing the efficiency of chlorination and ensuring good selectivity in low temperature chlorination. The vanadium oxytrichloride is purified by rectification, and then subjected to plasma oxidation, thereby obtaining a high-purity vanadium pentoxide product and chlorine gas. The chlorine gas is returned for low temperature chlorination. The system and method have advantages of favorable adaptability to raw material, no discharge of contaminated wastewater, low energy consumption and chlorine consumption in production, stable product quality, etc.

The invention relates to a system and a method for efficiently and economically processing the coal ash and bottom slag of coal-fired units of power plants. At present, a pressing system and a processing method which can effectively guarantee the quality of uniformity of coal ash do not exist. The system is characterized in that: the system comprises a coarse ash silo, a coarse ash silo dust collector, coarse ash silo level indicators, an ultrafine coal ash mill, a pneumatic coarse ash silo gate valve, a lifter, an ash-milling dust collector, a finished fine ash silo, a mill sampler, a coarse ash and fine ash separator, a mill ash trap, a mill divider, a dust collector sampler, a raw ash silo and a secondary ash silo, the coarse ash silo is connected with a heated boiler tail surface coal saver and an air preheater, the coarse ash silo dust collector and the coarse ash silo level indicators are mounted on the coarse ash silo, the ultrafine coal ash mill is connected with a power plant coal-fired unit pulverized coal furnace and the coarse ash silo, the pneumatic coarse ash silo gate valve and the lifter are mounted between the coarse ash silo and the ultrafine coal ash mill, the ash-milling dust collector, the finished fine ash silo, the mill sampler and the coarse ash and fine ash separator are connected with the ultrafine coal ash mill, the mill ash trap is connected with the mill sampler, the mill divider is connected with the mill ash trap, and the dust collector sampler, the raw ash silo and the secondary ash silo are connected with a power station coal-fired unit electrostatic precipitator. The invention can effectively guarantee the quality and uniformity of coal ash.

The present invention provides a system and method for producing high-purity vanadium pentoxide powder. Industrial grade vanadium pentoxide is converted to vanadium oxytrichloride by low temperature fluidizing chlorination, wherein chlorinating gas is preheated via heat exchange between fluidizing gas and chlorination flue gas, and an appropriate amount of air is added to enable a part of carbon powder to combust so as to achieve a balanced heat supply during the chlorination, thereby increasing the efficiency of chlorination and ensuring good selectivity in low temperature chlorination. The vanadium oxytrichloride is purified by rectification, and then subjected to fluidized gas phase hydrolyzation and fluidized calcination, thereby producing a high-purity vanadium pentoxide product and a by-product of hydrochloric acid solution. The system and method have advantages of favorable adaptability to raw material, no discharge of contaminated wastewater, low energy consumption in production, low operation cost, stable product quality, etc.

The present invention provides a system and method for purifying and preparing vanadium pentoxide powder. Industrial grade vanadium pentoxide is converted to vanadium oxytrichloride by low temperature fluidizing chlorination, wherein chlorinating gas is preheated via heat exchange between fluidizing gas and chlorination flue gas, and an appropriate amount of air is added to enable a part of carbon powder to combust so as to achieve a balanced heat supply during the chlorination, thereby increasing the efficiency of chlorination and ensuring good selectivity in low temperature chlorination. The vanadium oxytrichloride is purified by rectification, and then subjected to fluidized gas phase ammonification, thereby obtaining ammonium metavanadate, and further obtaining a high-purity vanadium pentoxide powder product through fluidized calcination. The system and method have advantages of favorable adaptability to a raw material, no discharge of contaminated wastewater, low energy consumption and chlorine consumption in production, stable product quality and so on.

An access device, a system and a method for implementing service configuration are disclosed. The method includes: identifying, by an access device AN, an operation mode of a CPE according to a result of a handshake negotiation performed between the line port of the access device CN and the CPE, and selecting a corresponding preset service template according to the operation mode of the CPE, and then configuring the line port according to the service template selected, thereby implementing the self adaptation of the ATM mode and PTM mode of the CPE. With the technical solution of the invention, when VDSL2service is provided, the service may automatically access subscribers of ADSL ATM mode and subscribers of VDSL PTM mode simultaneously, and an automatic configuration and management may be realized for all the service configurations in different modes, and thus the operation complexity may be simplified, and the operation cost may be lowered.

In a bearing assembly or a gearing with a least two bearing elements or gearing elements that are adapted for movement relative to each other, at least one bearing element or gearing element comprises a polyimide coating on a carrier material.

A dividing wall column system for producing hexane includes a dividing wall column including a dividing wall that divides the dividing wall column at least partially into a first side and a second side, with one side of the first and second sides configured to operate as a deisohexanizer column and the other side of the first and second side configured to operate as a hexane column to produce hexane.