The invention discloses a code and combination coverage-based test case priority ranking method and a test system, and the method comprises the steps: 1, carrying out a regression test, and obtainingthe dynamic code coverage information of a test case set running on an original program set in version iteration; 2, sequencing the use case set by using the dynamic code coverage information, namelysequencing the coverage information of the granularity and the combination condition of each unit in the granularity based on the use case set; 3, running the test case set on an error version, comparing a running result with a result on a basic version program set, and generating a case set error detection matrix; and 4, calculating a use case sequence effective value by using the sorted use caseset and the error detection matrix, and comparing the use case sequence effective value with other classic sorting strategies for evaluation. According to the method, aiming at the limitation of theexisting sorting algorithm, the combination coverage information of each statement unit is considered, and the statement units are fused and associated, so that richer sorting information is obtained,and the error detection efficiency is greatly improved.