70results about How to "Reduce the oscillation frequency" patented technology

An object of this invention is to provide a phase synchronizing circuit capable of automatically adjusting a VCO such that the VCO satisfies a predetermined frequency range even in a frequency range in which the VCO oscillates by a leak current generated if a low threshold process is applied. The phase synchronizing circuit is composed of a PLL consisting of a phase comparator, a charge pump, a loop filter, a VCO, and a divider, and a calibration circuit for automatically adjusting a frequency range of the VCO. Before a convergence operation is started, a switch is closed in response to a signal Rst of the calibration circuit such that an output of the loop filter is leveled to the ground and the PLL is set to be an open loop. A VCO output Fo is set at an upper limit frequency or a lower limit frequency in response to a Vcal signal, and its frequency is measured by comparing its period with a period of a reference signal Fr, and signals Hb, Lb used for adjusting the frequency of the VCO are updated. The signals Hb, Lb are updated until the VCO satisfies the predetermined frequency range, and subsequently their values are maintained. The switch opens in response to the signal Rst, and the PLL is changed over to a close loop to start phase synchronization.

To provide a highly stable crystal oscillator having increased thermal efficiency. The highly stable crystal oscillator comprises; a thermostat mainframe which maintains the temperature of a crystal resonator including a resonator container for sealing a crystal piece constant, an oscillating element which constitutes an oscillation circuit together with said crystal resonator, a temperature control element which controls the temperature inside of said thermostat mainframe, and a circuit board mounted with said thermostat mainframe, said oscillating element, and said temperature control element. The construction is such that a heat generating chip resistor and a highly heat sensitive element having a higher temperature dependency, among said oscillating element and said temperature control element, are arranged on one principal plane of said circuit board, and said heat generating chip resistor, said highly heat sensitive element, and said thermostat mainframe are directly heat bonded by a thermo-conductive material.

A power supply has a plurality of switching regulators providing a like plurality of regulated output voltages. The oscillators of the switching regulators are synchronized with one another by a synchronization signal. A synchronization signal detector is provided on one or more of the switching regulators to shift the switching frequency of the oscillator to a lower frequency upon detection of a synchronization signal.

A crystal oscillator is configured by accommodating a crystal blank that functions as a crystal unit and an IC chip that includes at least an oscillator circuit using the crystal blank into a container in an integrated manner. In the IC chip, the oscillator circuit is connected to the crystal unit via a pair of crystal connecting terminals, an output from the oscillator circuit is supplied to a plurality of output buffers. In relation to the crystal connecting terminal having a phase opposite to that of an output from the on/off controllable output buffer, an output terminal of this output buffer is disposed farther than an output terminal of the output buffer that is not subjected to the on/off control.

A digitally controlled oscillator includes a ring oscillator and a first supplementary circuit. The ring oscillator is coupled to a supply voltage and generates a signal oscillated at an oscillating frequency. The oscillating frequency is controlled by a digital code and further varies with a supply voltage drift in a first direction. The first supplementary circuit is coupled to the ring oscillator and facilitates the oscillating frequency to vary with the supply voltage drift in a second direction reverse to the first direction.

An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one physical or chemical, process variable of a medium and includes at least one mechanically oscillatable unit and at least one driving/receiving unit. The mechanically oscillatable unit includes a tube and an internal oscillator. The tube is connected to a securement unit with an end turned away from the process and the end of the tube turned toward the process is embodied as a free end. The tube surrounds the internal oscillator and the internal oscillator is secured to the end of the tube turned toward the process with an end turned toward the process. The driving/receiving unit excites the mechanically oscillatable unit to oscillate, respectively it receives the oscillations of the mechanically oscillatable unit. The internal oscillator has at least one groove/neck, which determines at least the oscillation frequency of the mechanically oscillatable unit.

The invention provides a human body medium capacity transducer used in bed. The invention comprises two sheets of copper electrodes which tiles on a bed and are connected with a control circuit by a conducting line. The control circuit comprises an LC oscillator, a frequency-voltage transformer, a voltage comparator and a relay; wherein, the copper electrodes are connected with the LC oscillator, and the outputting of the oscillator is connected into the frequency-voltage transformer, the outputting of which is connected with the voltage comparator, the outputting of which controls the relay. The invention is convenient to use and install, and the exterior is an ordinary blanket which can be used when tiled on the bed. The capacitance variation of the transducer is obvious, thereby being very sensitive and reliable. The invention is just two copper sheets; therefore, the material is simple and the cost is low. The capacity of the transducer changes according the changing of the contacting area and medium without needing power source. The invention is easier than the traditional pressure switch type transducer in installation, more effective than human body pyroelectric sensor and more reliable than an opto-electrical reflect-typed or shot-typed transducer.

An environment measuring device 1 has a measuring QCM sensor 10, a reference QCM sensor 20, a measurement oscillation circuit 15, a reference oscillation circuit 25, a frequency counter 31, s humidity sensor 51, a control unit 40, and a storage unit 41. The measuring QCM sensor 10 has an oscillator and an electrode formed by a corrosive metal on the surface of the oscillator, and the reference QCM sensor 20 has an oscillator and an electrode formed by a corrosion-resistant metal on the surface of the oscillator. The storage unit 41 stores the measurement count signal, the reference count signal, and the humidity signal which are associated with a measurement time. The control unit 40 determines an amount of increase in mass due to the corrosion of the electrode of the measuring QCM sensor by using the measurement count signal and the reference count signal.

An inductor element 30 effectively functions even when formed on a substrate and comprises two upper and lower conductors 1, 2 spirally formed on the front side of a semiconductor substrate 3. The conductors 1, 2 have substantially the same shape. When viewed from the above of the front side of the substrate 3, the two conductors 1, 2 are superposed one on the other almost exactly. Lead wires 6a, 6b are connected to the outer end (outer peripheral end) and the inner end (center end) of the conductor 1, respectively. The outer end of the conductor 1 is connected to the inner end of the conductor 2 through a connection wire 6c. The conductor 1 functions as an inductor conductor and is connected to a circuit provided on the semiconductor substrate 3 through the lead wires 6a, 6b.

To provide an end point detection method applying a resonance phenomenon, an end point detection apparatus, and a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus on which the detection apparatus is loaded for monitoring variation in the thickness of an electrically conductive film in real time, reliably detecting a polishing end point of the electrically conductive film at high accuracy, without generating noise, low power consumption, and capable of reducing the cost.

In order to achieve above described objects, the present invention provides an end point detection method applying a resonance phenomenon in which a polishing end point is detected when the electrically conductive film is polished and removed to an appropriate thickness, wherein a sensor 37 composed of an oscillation circuit of the Colpitts type or the like having a planar inductor and a concentrated constant capacitor is used, and the variation in the thickness of the electrically conductive film is monitored in real time from the variation in the oscillation frequency of the sensor 37 caused along with the variation in the thickness of the electrically conductive film opposed to the planar inductor.

A pair of vibrating arm portions are disposed lined up in a second direction perpendicular to a first direction and are configured such that base end sides thereof in the first direction are fixed to a base portion. A pair of inclined surfaces are formed on both sides in the second direction on the base end side of the vibrating arm portion so that a width of the vibrating arm portion in the second direction is gradually widened from the distal end side to the base end side. A length of a region, having the pair of inclined surfaces formed therein, in the first direction is set to equal to or greater than 0.25 times and equal to or less than 0.5 times of a total length of the vibrating arm portion from the base end to the distal end.

A receiver using a harmonic mixer includes a signal receiver for receiving a first signal, a frequency generator for synchronizing a phase of the received first signal, down-converting a frequency size of the synchronized first signal as much as a first size, and outputting the down-converted signal as a second signal; a first harmonic mixer unit for receiving the first signal and the second signal, generating a third signal having a frequency size down-converted as much as a second size, and outputting the third signal. The receiver further includes a second harmonic mixer unit for receiving the third signal and outputting an In-phase signal having a frequency size down-converted as much as a third size, and a third harmonic mixer unit for receiving the third signal and outputting a Quadrature-phase signal having a frequency size down-converted as much as a third size.

A circuit device includes a drive circuit driving a resonator, an oscillation circuit having the resonator and a variable capacitance circuit coupled to an oscillation loop including the drive circuit, and a D/A converter circuit that performs D/A conversion on frequency control data and outputs a first voltage signal and a second voltage signal which are differential signals. The variable capacitance circuit includes a first variable capacitance capacitor, to one end of which the first voltage signal is input and, to the other end of which a first bias voltage is input and a second variable capacitance capacitor, to one end of which the second voltage signal is input and, to the other end of which a second bias voltage is input.

The present invention provides an information reproducing apparatus capable of preventing occurrence of erroneous detection as if a recording pit longer than the longest pit in the standard exists on an optical disk even in the case where the difference between frequency of a reproduction signal and frequency of a reproduction clock signal becomes large.

When the difference between frequency of a detection signal Sp detected from an optical disk DK and frequency of a reproduction clock signal Scl becomes large, for example, the gain of a high frequency band corresponding to a recording pit length in the range of 2T to 4T is emphasized more than normal one by an equalizer 2, and the resultant is used for detecting a longest-pit-length error.