The present invention discloses a
microwave-enabled atom back pumping-based detection
system and method applied to an
atom interferometer. The detection
system comprises a
laser light source, a
microwave frequency source, a detection
optical path, an atomic imaging device and a
time sequence control module; after being interfered, falling atoms are in an a
quantum state and a b
quantum state, and interact with a beam of detection light which is horizontally located at an upper part in space, so as to generate
fluorescent light; the number information Nb of the b-
quantum state atoms is obtained through an imaging
system; in a continuous falling process, the quantum-state atoms are removed from a detection region; before entering a beam of detection light which is horizontally located at a low part in space, another kind of a-
quantum state atoms are back pumped to a b-
quantum state through a
microwave back pumping method, wherein the b-
quantum state can interact with the detection light; and after remaining atomic groups pass through the lower detection
light beam and generate
fluorescent light, the number information Na of the a-quantum state atoms is obtained. The
optical path structure of the detection system of the invention is simple and compact; the frequencies of the upper
laser beam and lower
laser beam are identical; the intensity of
background light is constant; a microwave source can be turned on and turned off quickly; and the detection system has high practicability.