The invention discloses an optical fiber distribution system and a communication method thereof. The system is composed of an access unit, an extension unit and remote units; the access unit couples downlink radio frequency signals of 2G, 3G, LTE and other signal sources into the optical fiber distribution system to be converted into digital signals, and then performs framing, the digital signalsare converted into optical signals via photoelectric conversion, the optical signals are transmitted by an optical fiber to the extension unit or the remote units, and the extension unit forwards thedigital signals sent by the access unit to a plurality of remote units; and each remote unit converts the digital signals sent by the extension unit or the access unit into radio frequency signals toimplement the wireless coverage of 2G, 3G, LTE and other systems, and meanwhile converts the received uplink radio frequency signals into digital signals,and transmits the digital signals to the extension unit or the access unit. The optical fiber distribution system disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple engineering design, high integration degree, easy implementation, monitoringavailability, good performance, low cost, etc.