The invention discloses an aerogel thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps that unwinding is conducted, specifically, a non-woven fabric is unwound and unfolded through an unwinding machine, and surface dust is removed; glue dipping is conducted, a glue solution is injected into a glue dipping pool of a glue dipping machine, the temperature of the glue solution is controlled to be 32-40 DEG C, the unfolded non-woven fabric is fed into the glue dipping machine, and the glue solution permeates into the non-woven fabric; vacuum suction drying is conducted, the non-woven fabric obtained after glue dipping is fed into a vacuum suction dryer, and redundant glue liquid in the non-woven fabric is sucked out in a negative pressure mode; rolling is conducted, and the non-woven fabric subjected to vacuum suction drying is extruded through opposite roll shafts of double-roll extrusion equipment; drying is conducted, and the rolled non-woven fabric is fed into a drying machine for drying; cooling is conducted, the dried non-woven fabric is guided into an air cooling machine to cool the two sides of the non-woven fabric, the aerogel thermal insulation material is formed, and the air speed of the air cooling machine is controlled to range from 1.2 m/s to 1.8 m/s. According to the aerogel thermal insulation material and the preparation method thereof, the process is simple, and the thermal insulation effect of the prepared thermal insulation material is improved.