The invention relates to the technical field of detection, and relates to a single-molecule
protein detection method based on a
microarray chip and a
chemiluminescence immunoassay technology. An
antigen-
antibody complex reaction solution is randomly segmented into tens of thousands of
microarray holes with the single-hole volume at the pL level by utilizing a
microarray chip containing 0.5-200 thousands of micropores with the
diameter of 5-30 [mu] m. Each micropore is used as an independent reaction unit for detection and comprises one or zero
antigen-
antibody compounds, a
chromogenic substrate or exciting light is added to collect
signal data in all the micropores, and the number of all the
antigen-
antibody compounds in a
reaction system is directly and quantitatively detected according to a Poisson distribution calculation formula. And calculating the concentration of the antigen captured in the microarray
chip. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of small background
signal interference, high sensitivity, specificity,
accuracy and precision, simplicity and rapidness in operation, low cost and obvious advantages in the technical field of single molecule detection, and the
lower limit of detection reaches fg / ml.