The invention discloses a sanitary quality locale 
rapid detection device and a detection method, the device comprises an auto sampling element, a photoelectricity conversion element and a control, operation and storage display circuit element. The method comprises that: the detected parameters are selected, based on an 
ATP bioluminescence theory, the detected sample and three groups detection reagents of a 
body cell lysates agent, a bacterial 
cell lysates agent and a 
luciferase-
luciferase luminescence reagent are added to a 
sample pool, each 
reagent is provided with an auto sample adding device connected with the 
sample pool, the auto sample adding device controls to inject different reagents to the 
sample pool according to the detection requirement, the sample surface cleanliness condition is gained by measuring the total 
ATP content, the 
bacteria quantity in the sample is quantitatively detected by measuring the 
ATP content in the 
bacteria cell. Compared with the traditional device, the detection speed of the invention is fast, the detection time is less than 30 minutes, the degree of 
automation is high, and the maneuverability is good, the invention can be applicable to the locale 
rapid detection of 
health quality in the food, 
cosmetics, medical, environmental, and other fields.