The invention provides a diarylethene organic photochromic material based on furan. The structural formula of the diarylethene organic photochromic material is of formula I as shown in the specification. The invention further provides a preparation method of the photochromic material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: in a reaction container, performing reaction on a substituted aldehyde compound based on diarylethene, dibromocyclopentene, potassium phosphate, a palladium catalyst, N,N-dimethylformamide or dioxane or tetrahydrofuran or methylbenzene for 1-24 hours at 20 DEG C to backflow temperature, cooling, filtering, extracting, performing spinning drying, and passing through a column, thereby obtaining a diarylethene compound of formula I. The photochromic material is simple and efficient in preparation method, high in yield, good in economy, high in on-scale production value and good in environmental-friendliness. The photochromic material has very good spectral properties, can be used for preparing multihoming photoelectric molecule switches, molecular lead elements, photochromic light emitting devices and the like.