35 results about "Equilibrium potential" patented technology

The present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent and lithium salt as an electrolyte, and wherein the non-aqueous solvent contains chain fluorinated carboxylic acid ester represented by the formula CH₃COOCH₂CH_3-xF_x (wherein x is 2 or 3) and a film forming chemical decomposed in the range of +1.0 to 3.0 V based on an equilibrium potential between metal lithium and lithium ion.

The invention discloses a method for forecasting service life of a lithium ion battery based on capacity attenuation mechanism decomposition analysis. The method comprises the following steps: step one, establishing an equilibrium potential equation of a lithium ion battery to be tested by subtracting equilibrium potentials of positive and negative electrodes with combination of test data of the lithium ion battery to be tested, and then carrying out polarization modification to obtain the equilibrium potential equation; step two, establishing a multi-attenuation-mode decomposition model based on different attenuation mechanisms of the lithium ion battery, establishing a multi-attenuation-mode fitting equation of the lithium ion battery to be tested through a short-term aging test and forecasting attenuation trend; and step three, substituting a forecasting result of the multi-attenuation-mode fitting equation into the equilibrium potential equation of the lithium ion battery to be tested, and forecasting residual capacity. Through the service life forecasting method for carrying out decomposition analysis of different attenuation modes based on different capacity attenuations of the lithium ion battery, the problem that simple extrapolation is carried out according to the experiment test data or the attenuation of the service life of the lithium ion battery is simply ascribed to the single electrochemical mechanism is solved.

The invention discloses an electrochemical detection method for the corrosion degree of a steel reinforcing bar in concrete. The electrochemical detection method comprises the following steps of: (1) respectively and correspondingly connecting the steel reinforcing bar, a counter electrode and a reference electrode which are arranged in a concrete sample with an electrochemical workstation to form a three-electrode testing system; (2) opening the electrochemical workstation for carrying out polarization test and recording anodic polarization current at the ending moment of the polarization; (3) calculating the corrosion current density icorr of the steel reinforcing bar; and (4) comparing the corrosion current density icorr of the steel reinforcing bar, which is calculated in the third step, with an internal standard value to judge whether the steel reinforcing bar is corroded or not. According to the method for determining the corrosion current density of the steel reinforcing bar in the concrete, an equilibrium potential is used as an initial polarization potential; according to the polarization mode, the distorsion of the measured polarization curve is avoided; an polarization potential amplitude is reasonable, so that the disturbance on the steel reinforcing bar is smaller; subsequent fitting processing for test data is avoided; the simplicity, convenience and quickness in test are realized; and the electrochemical detection method is suitable for engineering application.

The invention discloses a method for detecting single electrode potential of a battery. The method comprises the following steps: an AC impedance test is used for acquiring AC impedance spectrums of a positive electrode/negative electrode, a positive electrode/reference electrode and a negative electrode/reference electrode of the battery in different states of charge (SOC) and at different temperatures; an equivalent circuit, a positive electrode equivalent circuit and a negative electrode equivalent circuit of the total battery are respectively used to fit the AC impedance spectrums of the positive electrode/negative electrode, the positive electrode/reference electrode and the negative electrode/reference electrode, and a related three-dimensional mapping table between equivalent impedance of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the SOC and the temperature is obtained; the current electrode equilibrium potential is obtained according to the SOC of the battery and a equilibrium potential curve; and the single electrode potential is obtained according to the electrode equilibrium potential, charging/discharging current sum of the battery and the three-dimensional mapping table. The electrode potential of a common battery can be directly and conveniently measured, and accuracy of the measurement result is improved. The invention also provides a system for detecting single electrode potential of a battery.

A lithium ion secondary battery includes: a cathode that stores/releases lithium ion at a potential not lower than an oxidation-reduction equilibrium potential between halogen ion and halogen; an anode that stores/releases lithium ion, preferably containing carbon; and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution composed of a non-aqueous solvent having dissolved therein an electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolytic solution contains lithium halide or a halogen molecule. Instead of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution, a polymer solid electrolyte containing lithium halide or halogen molecule may be used.

A multilayer conductive film includes a layer 1 including a conductive material containing a polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure and conductive particles 1 and a layer 2 including a material having durability against positive electrode potential. The multilayer conductive film has stability in an equilibrium potential environment in a negative electrode and stability in an equilibrium potential environment in a positive electrode, has low electric resistance per unit area in the thickness direction, and has excellent barrier properties for a solvent of an electrolytic solution. A battery including a current collector employing the multilayer conductive film can achieve both weight reduction and durability.

Structures for providing devices that include resistive paths specifically designed to provide a predetermined resistance between the bulk material of the device and a well tie contact. By providing a resistive path, an equivalent RC circuit is introduced to the device that allows the bulk material potential to track the gate potential, thereby advantageously lowering the threshold voltage as the device turns on and raising the threshold voltage as the device turns off. In addition, the introduction of the resistive path also allows the bulk material potential to be controlled and stabilize at an equilibrium potential between switching events.

A method for evaluating a secondary battery includes repeatedly performing: an open circuit voltage measurement step of measuring the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery to be evaluated at each of a plurality of temperatures; a potential change measurement step of measuring, after the open circuit voltage measurement step, the potential change in the secondary battery while changing the state of charge of the secondary battery; and an equilibrium potential measurement step of measuring the equilibrium potential of the secondary battery after the potential change measurement step. An entropy variation in each of the different states of charge is calculated based on the open circuit voltages at the plurality of temperatures measured in the state of charge, and a chemical diffusion coefficient in each of the different states of charge is calculated based on the equilibrium potential of the secondary battery and the potential change in the secondary battery both measured in the state of charge. The secondary battery is evaluated based on the entropy variations and the chemical diffusion coefficients in the different states of charge.

A semiconductor process includes the following steps. A dielectric layer having a recess is formed on a substrate. A barrier layer is formed to cover the recess, thereby the barrier layer having two sidewall parts. A conductive layer is formed on the barrier layer by an atomic layer deposition process, thereby the conductive layer having two sidewall parts. The two sidewall parts of the conductive layer are pulled down. A conductive material fills the recess and has a part contacting the two sidewall parts of the barrier layer protruding from the two sidewall parts of the conductive layer, wherein the equilibrium potential difference between the barrier layer and the conductive layer is different from the equilibrium potential difference between the barrier layer and the conductive material. Moreover, the present invention also provides a semiconductor structure formed by said semiconductor process.

An oxide-ion sensor includes an oxygen electrode, a sense electrode and a saturated (reference) electrode. The sense electrode is operated at a substantially constant current for determining an instantaneous value of a dissolved oxide-ion concentration in the molten salt electrolyte. The saturated electrode is used to determine a reference value of the dissolved oxide-ion concentration in the molten salt electrolyte. A dissolved oxide-ion concentration in the molten salt electrolyte is continuously monitored in-situ during the molten-salt based electrochemical reduction process by determining an equilibrium potential between the sense electrode and the saturated electrode with the sense electrode carrying a small current in a circuit that is completed using the oxygen electrode. In another embodiment, the dissolved oxide-ion concentration in the molten salt electrolyte is continuously monitored in-situ by determining an electrochemical impedance of the molten salt electrolyte using a pair of bare current-carrying conductors and a frequency response analyzer.

System for performing online electrochemical measurements with solid conductors such as metals and minerals immersed in a specific electrolyte comprising an annular flow cell (1), a dosing pump (2) preferably a centrifuge pump driven by a frequency variator, a potentiostat (3), valves (V1 and V2), a rotameter or flowmeter (4), a solution, liquid, fluid, electrolyte fluid, or solution (5) supply which can come from a pope or process tank, and an electrolyte flow or circulation fluid (6), which is applied among other for measuring the steel corrosion and measuring equilibrium potentials in flotation processes, with clear advantages over known systems due to the flow cell design presents great versatility in terms of size, flow, fast replacement of working and reference electrodes, stability of measurements and with the alternative to be used for powdered electro active solids, such as in the case of mineral concentrates.

The invention discloses a method for removing phosphorus from sewage on the basis of magnesium alloy corrosion. The method comprises the steps of immersing a magnesium alloy plate containing a certainmass of magnesium in wastewater rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, and recovering precipitated magnesium ammonium phosphate after a period of time. Since equilibrium potential (-2.37V) is relatively low, a magnesium metal is very easily corroded and dissolved out in an aqueous solution system; and magnesium ions required by crystallization of magnesium ammonium phosphate are provided by the slow corrosion of the magnesium alloy and react with ammonium and phosphate pre-existing in the wastewater to generate a magnesium ammonium phosphate crystal for resource recycling of phosphorus and nitrogen.

The invention relates to a COMSOL model-based manufacturing method of a solid-state lithium battery, and belongs to the technical field of chemical power supply. The COMSOL model-based manufacturing method of the solid-state lithium battery includes: 1) obtaining property data of battery material through alternating-current impedance, a galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, cyclic voltammetry or an equilibrium potential curve electrochemical-method, and calculating and obtaining parameters of the battery material; 2) using COMSOL electrochemical-modules and PDE modules to establish atransient model of the solid-state lithium battery; 3) establishing geometric physical models of the solid-state lithium battery, and assigning parameters of the step 2) to corresponding material areas, 4) setting initial calculation conditions and boundary conditions; 5) dividing meshes, and carrying out calculation, wherein a one-dimensional physical model adopts a point mesh, a two-dimensionalphysical model adopts a rectangular mesh, and a three-dimensional physical model adopts a thin-plate-type cuboid mesh; and 6) carrying out comparative analysis on calculation results of different process parameters. According to the method, theoretical guidance on solid-state lithium battery design is realized, costs and time are saved, and promotion and application of the solid-state lithium battery are facilitated.

The invention discloses a measuring method of non-protein nitrogen content in tobaccos, which comprises the following steps: a) the tobaccos are weighted; b) the weighted tobaccos are put into plenty of acid solution or copper-bath so as to carry out heating until the protein is completely dissolved; c) the mixture is filtered and the acid solution or copper-bath in step b) is utilized to wash the filtrate; d) filter liquor is combined and constant volume is obtained; e) the filter liquor is taken for digestive treatment to obtain a constant volume; f) the filter liquor after volume limiting is removed, then NaOH solution is added, and a first equilibrium potential value is measured; g) NH4 solution is added, and a second equilibrium potential value is measured; and finally, the non-protein nitrogen content in tobaccos is measured by combining the first equilibrium potential value and the second equilibrium potential value. The measuring method provided by the invention is a simple, convenient and efficient method for measuring the non-protein nitrogen content in tobaccos.

The invention discloses a magnesium ion battery negative electrode material prepared by a manganese acetate tetrahydrate glycerol solvent method. The method comprises the steps: removing crystalline water in manganese acetate tetrahydrate through a glycerol solvothermal method to obtain anhydrous manganese acetate of a layered structure; manufacturing an electrode plate, and assembling a magnesiumion semi-battery. Electrochemical test results show that anhydrous manganese acetate has electrochemical reversible magnesium storage performances, wherein the reaction equilibrium potential is about0.87V (vs.Mg/Mg2+), the first discharge capacity can reach 63.5 mAh/g, the circulation capacity and the electrochemical reversibility are superior to those of manganous oxide. The method can avoid the generation of magnesium metal column crystals which may cause potential safety hazards, and the method has good research and development prospects.

The invention discloses a PtAu nano catalyst with a controllable active site spacing and a preparation method thereof. The method comprise steps that platinum acetylacetonate, chloroauric acid, tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, oleylamine and octadecene are mixed under the nitrogen atmosphere and are stirred to a clear state; the solution is then heated and subjected to temperature insulation, reactionis completed, after natural cooling and centrifugal washing, the PtAu nano catalyst having the controllable active site spacing is obtained. The method is advantaged in that in the preparation process, the equilibrium potential of the two types of precursor salt is evened by the tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, two elements are co-reduced, atomic distribution of a surface of the nano crystal is effectively changed by adjusting an input ratio of acetylacetonate platinum and chloroauric acid and utilizing surface atomic reconstruction induced by high temperature, the Pt-Au active site spacing is shortened, the Pt-Au distance is regulated to greatly improve activity and stability of the PtAu nano catalyst in methanol oxidation reaction, and the catalyst can further be used in oxygen reduction reaction.

The invention discloses a sand grinding modification method of a lithium ion battery mineral negative electrode material. The method is characterized in that two stages of grinding, namely planetary ball grinding and sand grinding, are carried out on natural zinc concentrate to obtain a micro-nano zinc concentrate negative electrode material, wherein the particle size of the negative electrode material is less than 100 nm, moreover, agglomerates exist, and the BET specific surface area of the negative electrode material is larger than 27 m<2>/g; and an electrode is manufactured by using the negative electrode material, acetylene black and PVDF at the mass ratio of 7:2:1, a lithium battery is assembled, an electrochemical performance test shows that the micro-nano zinc concentrate negativeelectrode material has good electrochemical reaction reversibility, the reaction equilibrium potential is about 1.2 V (vs. Li/Li<+>), the first-time discharge specific capacity is 736 mAh/g or above,and the specific capacity of the 50th-time charge and discharge cycle is 513 mAh/g or above. According to the method, micro-nano crushing of the zinc concentrate can be easily realized, so that the electrochemical performance of the zinc concentrate used as the lithium ion battery negative electrode material is remarkably improved, and a relatively good practical application value is achieved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a manganous oxide negative electrode material of a magnesium ion battery. According to the method, the manganous oxide negative electrode material withelectrochemically reversible magnesium-storing performance is prepared through a manganous oxalate pyrolysis method, wherein the reaction equilibrium potential of the material is 0.87V(vs.Mg/Mg<2+>),the granularity of a pyrolysis product under the temperature of 400 DEG C ranges from 30nm to 50nm, the first discharge specific capacity is 39.6mAh/g, the ratio of pseudocapacitance capacity in the specific capacity is large, the redox peak current of the material is slowly lowered along with increase of cycles, and the specific capacity of the material is slowly lowered along with rising of pyrolysis temperature. The method has advantages in terms of granularity control and specific capacity increase of the manganous oxide negative electrode material and is possibly subjected to practical application in the future.