245 results about "Optical reflectance" patented technology

A method for calibrating an optical reflectance proximity sensor and then measuring proximity in a repeating cycle or on demand, the sensor including one or more wavelength transmitting diodes, one or more wavelength receiving diodes, an ambient correction circuit, and a comparator circuit, and further teaching steps for powering on the sensor, canceling the ambient signal during a calibration period, transmitting wavelengths to and receiving reflectance from an object in the path of the transmitted wavelengths, and measuring a reflectance pulse width and comparing the value to a preset value to determine proximity.

An apparatus for detecting the end-point of an electropolishing process of a metal layer formed on a wafer includes an end-point detector. The end-point detector is disposed adjacent the nozzle used to electropolish the wafer. In one embodiment, the end-point detector is configured to measure the optical reflectivity of the portion of the wafer being electropolished.

A display apparatus may include a first substrate defined by a pixel region and a transmitting region adjacent to the pixel region, the pixel region emitting light in a first direction and the transmitting region transmitting external light; a second substrate that faces the first substrate and seals pixels defined on the first substrate; an optical filter arranged on a first side of the display apparatus through which light is emitted, the optical filter being configured to transmit circularly polarized light that rotates in a predetermined direction; and an optical reflectance conversion device arranged on a second side of the display apparatus, opposite the first side, the optical reflectance conversion device being configured to change a reflectance of the external light according to modes of operation of the display apparatus.

A polarizing optical element changes its optical reflectance and / or transmittance according to a polarization state of incoming light. The optical element includes: a first grating layer including multiple striped portions that extend in a predetermined direction; and a second grating layer including multiple striped portions that extend in that predetermined direction. Average grating pitches of the first and second grating layers are both defined to be shorter than the wavelength of the incoming light. The first grating layer is made of a first material that exhibits a light reflecting property to the incoming light. The second grating layer is made of a second material that reduces the reflection of the incoming light from the first grating layer.

A light emitting element such as an organic EL element comprises a first electrode formed of a transparent electrode on a side from which light is emitted to outside, and a second electrode formed on a back side of the element so as to be opposed to the first electrode with a light emitting element layer interposed therebetween. The second electrode is designed to be a semitransparent electrode, and, on a further back side of the second electrode, an antireflective layer with a low optical reflectivity is formed. The semitransparent second electrode does not reflect but transmits light incident from outside of the element and transmitted through the transparent electrode, and then the antireflective layer absorbs the transmitted light, thereby making it possible to suppress reflection of ambient light on a surface of the back-side electrode and to achieve improvement in contrast. The second electrode may, for example, be made of a metal material formed as a thin film, or be provided with apertures to thereby exhibit semitransparency.

A ceramic substrate for mounting a light emitting element. The ceramic substrate has a placement surface for placing a light emitting element having an electrode; and an electrode electrically-connected with the electrode of the light emitting element, wherein the ceramic substrate comprises a substrate body consisting of a nitride ceramics; and a coat layer coating at least a part of a surface of the substrate body and consisting of a ceramics different from the nitride ceramics forming the substrate body; and the coat layer has an optical reflectance of 50% or more for any light having a wavelength of from 300 to 800 nm, which can increase a luminance of the light emitting element by reflecting the light emitted from the element efficiently with certainty, and which has a high heat radiation property; and a manufacturing method therefor.

The invention discloses a two-dimensional code structure and a decoding method used for a movable robot. The two-dimensional code structure is that a code pattern symbol is arranged on a substrate of a regular polygon plane graph; the code pattern symbol consists of a locating module provided with an optical reflectivity different from the substrate and a unit module; the modules are arranged on the plane pattern and are mutually kept with clearances. The decoding method utilizes a method for calculating an invariant to detect the five sides of the outer profile of the two-dimensional code and extract the two-dimensional code from the pattern; the currently captured two-dimensional code pattern is mapped to a standard code pattern for reading the code words by calculating a single mapping matrix and then decoding is carried out. The regular polygon is adopted for leading the two-dimensional code to be detected from the environment robustly; round is adopted by the modules for reducing the possibility of sticking between neighboring modules and being capable of reliably separating each module under a lower illumination degree in a remote distance; the recognition rate is ensured by the decoding method with error correction; therefore, the structure and the decoding method is suitable for the movable robot for carrying out indoor environment location and object marking.

The invention relates to non-linear optical frequency conversion and the application of the non-linear optical frequency conversion and provides a method and a device which can widen the preparation requirements for a biological sample, do not need preparation of the sample, are high in measurement sensitivity, and can achieve high resolution, fast and real-time biological sample moisture content and distribution imaging measurement. The technical scheme is that the biological tissue moisture measurement device based on terahertz wave attenuated total reflectance (ATR) is composed of a tunable terahertz (THz) radiation source, a non-spherical face lens assembly, a total reflection prism, a two-dimensional mobile scanning platform, a terahertz wave detector and a computer. The total reflection prism is placed in the middle of the non-spherical face lens assembly, the face to be tested of a biological sample to be tested clings to the top face of the total reflection prism fixed on the two-dimensional mobile scanning platform, terahertz (THz) waves are projected to the terahertz detector through the non-spherical face lens assembly, and a detection result of the terahertz detector is output to the computer. The biological tissue moisture measurement device and the method based on the terahertz wave attenuated total reflectance (ATR) are mainly used for biological sample moisture content and distribution imaging measurement.

A new method of breast imaging to improve the detection of cancer during early stages of development is disclosed. The system combines molecular images of radioisotope uptake in cancerous cells with three dimensional high resolution single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), x-ray computed tomography (CT) and optical reflectance and emission (ORE) images of the breast. The system acquires data from nuclear isotopes within the breast and processes the data into three dimensional molecular tomographic images of cancerous cellular activity, morphological three dimensional x-ray density tomographic images and three dimensional optical surface images. These three sets of images or data are then combined to provide information as to the sensitivity and specificity as to the type of cancer present, three dimensional information as to the physical location of the cancer and reference information for radiologists, surgeons, oncologists and patients in order to plan stereo-tactic biopsy, minimally invasive surgery and image guided therapy, if necessary.

A scanning apparatus for scanning an image that includes a transparent plate and a target region having a predetermined optical reflectance. Also included is a movable sensor array, having a home position that is in optical communication with the target region when a lid of the scanning apparatus is closed. A light source illuminates the target region, and a controller analyzes a signal sent from the movable sensor array and subsequently initiating at least one function for the scanning apparatus.

The invention discloses a two-dimensional code, printed publication using the two-dimensional code and a decoding method. The two-dimensional code is characterized in that rectangular code symbol includes a code unit with different optical reflectivity arranged on a substrate; the code units in the code symbol are solid round dots arranged at equal distance; the units at four corners of the code symbol are location dots for border location and recognition, and the rest units are data dots; and the area of the location dots are larger than that of the data dots. The two-dimensional code can form images under the condition of deep defocusing, and has the advantages of rapid data reading, high reliability, low requirement for reading equipment and wide application.

A method for on-line channeling of milk based on predicted coagulation properties where the method comprises sampling raw milk from a milk line between a milking station and a collection point, performing spectral analysis of one or more of optical transmission, optical reflectance, scatter and fluorescence on the raw milk sample, predicting at least one coagulation parameter on-line based on the spectral analysis, and channeling milk from the milking station on-line to one of a plurality of destinations based on the at least one coagulation parameter.

A light-emitting device includes: a substrate; a light reflection layer that is formed on the substrate and reflects light; a first electrode that is formed on the light reflection layer and transmits light; a light-emitting layer that is formed on the first electrode and emits light; a second electrode that is formed on the light-emitting layer and transmits a part of light from the light-emitting layer and reflects the rest of the light from the light-emitting layer; and a conductive transflective layer that is formed on the second electrode and that transmits a part of light from the second electrode and reflects the rest of the light from the second electrode. A work function of the second electrode is 4 eV (electron volts) or less. The conductive transflective layer is formed of a metal material having a higher optical reflectance than the second electrode.

An information display device, in which a display medium 3W, 3B having an optical reflectivity and comprised of a particle group containing particles that can be electrically driven is sealed between two panel substrates 5, 6 arranged so as to face each other, at least one of which panel substrates is transparent, and, the display medium is electrically moved via a pair of electrodes provided to the panel substrates and formed by the electrodes 5, 6, thereby to display information, in which the information display device has a structure in which a back side substrate 1, which is one of the two substrates, is connected with a wiring substrate 10; a first through-hole 7 penetrating the back side substrate for electrically connecting electrodes 5-1 and 5-2 provided on a front and a rear surfaces of the back side substrate is formed on the back side substrate, and the wiring substrate 10 is connected with the electrode 5-2 on the rear surface side within an area of the back side substrate; and, a second through-hole 7 for connecting an electrode 6 provided on a display side substrate, which is the other substrate of the two panel substrates, with the electrode 5-4 provided on the rear surface of the back side substrate is further formed.

A calibrating device for calibration of an image measurement system. The calibrating device includes a main body having an upper surface, and a characteristic portion, which serves as a benchmark for calibration and is in the form of a recess formed in the upper surface of the main body, wherein the characteristic portion includes a side surface extending in a direction crossing the upper surface, and a bottom surface extending in a direction crossing the side surface, the bottom surface has an optical reflectance lower than an optical reflectance of the upper surface in relation to light identical to each other. This can provide a calibrating device for calibration of an image measurement system, which can detect the characteristic portion on the calibrating device stably, precisely and independent of the illumination conditions, which is less costly and can be easily handled.

A method for simultaneously detecting and separating a target analyte such as a protein or other macromolecule that includes providing a porous silicon matrix on the silicon substrate, exposing the porous silicon matrix to an environment suspect of containing the target analyte, observing optical reflectivity of the porous silicon matrix; and correlating the changes in the silicon substrate to the target analyte.

The present invention concerns the use of hybrid metal-dielectric optical coatings as the end reflectors of laser cavities and / or in the mirror structures used in other optical resonators, such as Fabry-Perot tunable filters, along with the use of such Fabry-Perot tunable filters in wavelength swept sources such as lasers. Hybrid metal-dielectric optical coatings have reflectivity spectra that can be broader than pure dielectric coatings, offer optical reflectivities higher than metal, as high as pure dielectric coatings, eliminate mirror transmission that can cause parasitic light reflections, and use fewer layers and thus have lower mass and higher mechanical resonant frequency for movable mirror applications An important characteristic of these coatings concerns the non-reflected light. Pure dielectric coatings offer high reflectivity, while the non-reflected portion of the light is transmitted by the coating to the substrate, for example. When metal is added to the optical coating, the non-reflected portion of the light is absorbed by the metal and is not transmitted to the substrate or outside the cavity. Hybrid metal-dielectric coatings have broader and more uniform spectral reflection. Tunable lasers with performance enhanced by the hybrid metal-dielectric coatings can be used in optical coherence tomography and spectroscopic analysis applications.

Methods of obtaining dopant and damage depth profile information are disclosed using modulated optical reflectivity (MOR) measurements. In one aspect, the depth profile is constructed using information obtained from various measurements such as the junction depth, junction abruptness and dopant concentration. In another aspect, a full theoretical model is developed. Actual measurements are fed to the model. Using an iterative approach, the actual measurements are compared to theoretical measurements calculated from the model to determine the actual depth profile.

In a method for the measurement of the concentration of a substance in a liquid, especially for blood sugar measurement, the liquid to be measured is applied to the measuring field of a test strip, which measuring field is composed of a hydrophilic material, and the change of the optical reflectivity or transmissivity effected thereby in the area of the measuring field is captured. A measured value taken after a pre-given time is compared with a reference value and an indication is made if a relationship of the measured value to the reference value exceeds a pre-given threshold value.

A reflective metrological scale has a scale pattern of elongated side-by-side marks surrounded by reflective surface areas of a substrate, which may be a nickel-based metal alloy such as Invar TM or Inconel TM and may be a thin and elongated flexible tape. Each mark has a furrowed cross section and may have a depth in the range of 0.5 to 2 microns. The central region of each mark may be rippled or ridged and may be darkened to provide an enhanced optical reflection ratio with respect to surrounding reflective surface areas. A manufacturing method includes the repeated steps of (1) creating a scale mark by irradiating a surface of the substrate at a mark location with a series of overlapped pulses from a laser, each pulse having an energy density of less than about 1 joule per cm<2>, and (2) changing the relative position of the laser and the substrate by a displacement amount defining a next mark location on the substrate at which a next mark of the scale is to be created.