The invention discloses an adaptive optics technology based living human eye retinal cell microscope, which comprises an observation optical system, an illuminating optical system, an aberration correction micromechanical deformation mirror, a retinal cell image post-processing module, a deformation mirror correction control model and an image post-processing module, wherein the deformation mirror correction control model is used for proposing a wavefront correction arithmetic based on singular value decomposition and Smith control, and optimally the correction property of a system on spatialdomain and time domain, and the image post-processing module is used for carrying out iterative restoring according to a point spread function constructed by human eye residual aberration, a consistency measurement function of a resorting problem and a cost punishment function of prior information so as to obtain a target image, and thus, the observation and the diagnosis of doctors are convenient.