417 results about "Substitution method" patented technology

A markerless method is described for tracking the motion of subjects in a three dimensional environment using a model based on linked kinematic chains. The invention is suitable for tracking robotic, animal or human subjects in real-time using a single computer with inexpensive video equipment, and does not require the use of markers or specialized clothing. A simple model of rigid linked segments is constructed of the subject and tracked using three dimensional volumetric data collected by a multiple camera video imaging system. A physics based method is then used to compute forces to align the model with subsequent volumetric data sets in real-time. The method is able to handle occlusion of segments and accommodates joint limits, velocity constraints, and collision constraints and provides for error recovery. The method further provides for elimination of singularities in Jacobian based calculations, which has been problematic in alternative methods.

A method and apparatus for determining suitable settings for a servo-ventilator to be used during sleep. Respiratory characteristics of a patient are measured during an awake learning period. With these measured characteristics, a target ventilation setting may be calculated by alternative methods. The calculated setting may then be used for enforcing a minimum ventilation during a treatment period where ventilatory support is provided with a servo-controlled ventilator.

The invention provides systems and methods for layout decomposition to produce exposure layouts that can be used to perform double patterning lithography (DPL). Preferred embodiment methods of the invention are executed by a computer and provide alternate methods for layout decomposition for double patterning lithography (DPL) using integer linear programming (ILP) formulations. Embodiments of the invention meet a key optimization goals, which is to reduce the total cost of layout decomposition, considering the abovementioned aspects that contribute to cost of prior conventional DPL techniques. Embodiments of the invention provide integer linear programming (ILP), phase conflict detection (PCD) and node election bipartization (NBD) formulations for the optimization of DPL layout decomposition, with a process-aware cost function that avoids small jogging line-ends, and maximizes overlap at dividing points of polygons. The cost function can also make preferential splits at landing pads, junctions and long runs.

Relates to writing an array of optical elements which are each switched between two states according to input data sets. In a first method, data is written in two steps in which different selected elements are respectively driven to one binary state and the other binary state. The selected elements of the two sets may be complementary, but are preferably only those which are required to change from their existing state. The latter criterion may be used in an alternative method using a single addressing of the array to turn elements in either direction as required. In a further method, as shown, selected elements only of a blank array are written in a first WRITE step so as to correspond with a set of data, and in a subsequent second ERASE step the selected elements are selectively erased to restore a blank array prior to writing and erasing another set of data. The methods have particular utility for maintaining a dc balance at pixels of a liquid crystal array.

PCT No. PCT / JP97 / 00865 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 18, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 18, 1998 PCT Filed Mar. 18, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97 / 35309 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 25, 1997In a recording and reproducing apparatus for a disc-shaped recording medium, and a defect substitution method for a disc-shaped recording medium, whether reproduction of recorded data is good is determined by sector unit and not by product code unit, defective sector discrimination is performed by sector unit, and only sectors determined defective are alternately recorded, when using a recording format in which data that is error detection and correction coded with a product code is segmented and recorded to a plurality of sectors.

A method for fabricating microelectronic spring structures is disclosed. In an initial step of the method, a layer of sacrificial material is formed over a substrate. Then, a contoured surface is developed in the sacrificial material, such as by molding the sacrificial material using a mold or stamp. The contoured surface provides a mold for at least one spring form, and preferably for an array of spring forms. If necessary, the sacrificial layer is then cured or hardened. A layer of spring material is deposited over the contoured surface of the sacrificial material, in a pattern to define at least one spring form, and preferably an array of spring forms. The sacrificial material is then at least partially removed from beneath the spring form to reveal at least one freestanding spring structure. A separate conducting tip is optionally attached to each resulting spring structure, and each structure is optionally plated or covered with an additional layer or layers of material, as desired. An alternative method for making a resilient contact structure using the properties of a fluid meniscus is additionally disclosed. In an initial step of the alternative method, a layer of material is provided over a substrate. Then, a recess is developed in the material, and fluid is provided in the recess to form a meniscus. The fluid is cured or hardened to stabilize the contoured shape of the meniscus. The stabilized meniscus is then used to define a spring form in the same manner as the molded surface in the sacrificial material.

Disclosed is type THHN cable having a reduced surface coefficient of friction, and the method of manufacture thereof, in which the central conductor core and insulating layer are surrounded by a nylon sheath. A high viscosity, high molecular weight silicone based pulling lubricant for THHN cable, or alternatively, erucamide or stearyl erucamide for small THHN gauge wire, is incorporated, by alternate methods, with the nylon material from which the outer sheath is extruded, and is effective to reduce the required pulling force on the cable during installation.

The invention discloses application of CRISPR / nCas9 mediated site-directed base substitution in a plant. The invention provides a plant genome site-directed edition system. The system comprises a BE3 plant expression carrier (expressing a fusion protein composed of nCas9(D10A), deaminase and a uracil DNA glycosylase inhibitory protein), and rice OsPDS and OsSBEIIb are taken as target genes for verifying the system. Results show that an expected site-directed mutant plant is respectively obtained in the three selected target spots, accurate site mutation of a base is realized in rice, and the highest efficiency reaches about 20%, so that a feasible and effective base substitution method is provided for crop breeding, the method has strong application potential in the aspect of agricultural breeding, and a foundation is provided for rapidly improving important agronomic traits of crops.

Electrical power cable having a reduced surface coefficient of friction and required installation pulling force, and the method of manufacture thereof, in which the central conductor core, with or without a separate insulating layer, is surrounded by a sheath of crosslinked polyethylene. A high viscosity, high molecular weight silicone based pulling lubricant or fatty acid amide pulling lubricant is incorporated by alternate methods with the polyethylene to form a composition from which the outer sheath is extruded, and is effective to reduce the required pulling force on the cable during installation.

A disclosed method of manufacturing a camera module includes providing an optical assembly, providing an integrated circuit image capture device (ICD), fixing the optical assembly directly to the ICD, then forming a housing directly over the optical assembly. The method further includes forming the housing over the ICD and the optical assembly via transfer molding. The method further includes forming solder balls on the rear surface of the ICD so as to enable the camera module to be reflow soldered to a host device. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the method includes providing a second ICD, providing a second optical assembly, providing a housing substrate, fixing the first optical assembly over the first ICD, fixing the second optical assembly over the second ICD, and forming the housing substrate over both the first and second optical assemblies. The alternative method further includes separating the housing substrate in to a first portion formed over the first optical assembly and second portion formed over the second optical assembly, providing a second housing substrate, and forming the second housing substrate over the first and second portions.

An improved light-emitting display having a plurality of micro-components sandwiched between two substrates is disclosed. Each micro-component contains a gas or gas-mixture capable of ionization when a sufficiently large trigger voltage is supplied across the micro-component by up to two triggering electrodes and ionization can be maintain by a sustain voltage supplied by up to two sustain electrodes. The display is further divided into a plurality of panels that can be individually addressed in parallel, preferably directly through the back of the panels and can include voltage multiplying circuitry to decrease the power demands for addressing circuitry. Alternative methods of addressing the micro-components include the use of directed light and arrangements of electrodes to address multiple micro-components with a single electrode.

A carbonaceous electrode having improved capacities for doping and dedoping of a cell active substance, such as lithium, and suitable for a non-aqueous solvent secondary battery, is constituted by a carbonaceous material having a true density as measured by a butanol substitution method of at most 1.46 g / cm3, a true density as measured by a helium substitution method of at least 1.7 g / cm3, a hydrogen-to-carbon atomic ratio H / C of at most 0.15 as measured according to elementary analysis, a BET specific surface area of at most 50 m2 / g as measured by nitrogen adsorption BET method, and a carbon dioxide adsorption capacity of at least 10 ml / g. The carbonaceous material is advantageously produced by carbonizing an organic material originated from bamboo genera of family Gramineae, particularly genus Pleioblastus or Bambusa, at 1000-1400° C. under a reduced pressure or under a flowing inert gas stream to provide an appropriate porous structure.

A general purpose program implemented on a computer analyzes steady state and transient flow in a complex fluid network, modeling phase changes, compressibility, mixture thermodynamics and external body forces such as gravity and centrifugal force. A preprocessor provides for the interactive development of a fluid network simulation having nodes and branches. Mass, energy, and specie conservation equations are solved at the nodes, and momentum conservation equations are solved in the branches. Contained herein are subroutines for computing "real fluid" thermodynamic and thermophysical properties for 12 fluids, and a number of different source options are provided for modeling momentum sources or sinks in the branches. The system of equations describing the fluid network is solved by a hybrid numerical method that is a combination of the Newton-Raphson and successive substitution methods. Application and verification of this invention are provided through an example problem, which demonstrates that the predictions of the present invention compare most reasonably with test data.

Alternate methods, devices and systems are presented for providing service providers and / or end users of mobile stations to monitor and / or report regions with high error rates and / or dead zones. A protocol is provided such as to yield the error occurrence, error rate and / or the address of the end user. In some embodiments it also contains location information and time of day information. This information may be collected from the G.P.S., and / or all or a portion of users when there is a significant transmission difficulty and / or an abundance of errors. The collected data forms a database which is analyzed to generate coverage maps. This may include the dynamic aspects of the mobile network. In another aspect of this invention, each mobile station periodically compares its current location with the data base. The results of this comparison enables the mobile unit to anticipate connection problems. In still another aspect of the invention, the comparison is performed by the service provider which notifies the end user.

A method and apparatus for analyzing steady state and transient flow in a complex fluid network, modeling phase changes, compressibility, mixture thermodynamics, external body forces such as gravity and centrifugal force and conjugate heat transfer. In some embodiments, a graphical user interface provides for the interactive development of a fluid network simulation having nodes and branches. In some embodiments, mass, energy, and specific conservation equations are solved at the nodes, and momentum conservation equations are solved in the branches. In some embodiments, contained herein are data objects for computing thermodynamic and thermophysical properties for fluids. In some embodiments, the systems of equations describing the fluid network are solved by a hybrid numerical method that is a combination of the Newton-Raphson and successive substitution methods.

An advertising media information mediating system is provided which uses a computer system for providing an advertising service substitution method and in which an advertisement requester can register advertisement request conditions on an advertising media information mediating server through a simple operation, whereas an advertising agent substitute, who executes an advertisement on behalf of the advertisement requester, can register advertising service substitution conditions on the advertising media information mediating server through a simple operation, whereby the advertisement requester and the advertising agent substitute can select an advertising transaction partner which can meet conditions desired by the advertisement requester and the advertising agent substitute from a variety of selection targets via a network without spending much time, the advertising service substitution method being such that the advertisement requester registers advertisement request conditions, whereas the advertising agent substitute registers advertising service substitution conditions, whereby when the advertisement requester and the advertising agent substitute come to an agreement based on the advertising service substitution conditions and the advertisement request conditions so registered, the advertisement requester pays part of or the whole of expenditures for an advertising material and advertisement using the same, whereas the advertising agent substitute executes an advertisement on behalf of the advertisement requester by wearing, using, displaying, selling, lending or distributing the advertising material.

The invention relates to a video real-time human face substitution method and a video real-time human face substitution system based on a partial affine and color transfer technology, which solve the defect that the real-time human face substitution cannot be achieved when compared with the prior art. The video real-time human face substitution method comprises the steps of: carrying out video acquisition to obtain target human face video through a camera, and intercepting a current frame image; detecting a human face and feature points thereof; carrying out human face substitution; carrying out human face fusion processing; checking whether the camera is turned off; finishing the human face substitution if the camera is turned off; and continuing the video acquisition and acquiring the current frame image if the camera is not turned off, and continuing the human face detection, human face substitution and human face fusion steps. The video real-time human face substitution method and the video real-time human face substitution system improve quality, speed and efficiency of human face substitution, and can be applied to real-time substitution in the video.

The invention relates to a method and a device for robust interval wind power scheduling based on consideration on wind power field current collecting line fault. The method includes, from the points of power system dynamic response capacity and section safety, building a worst scene model with consideration on system running safety on the circumstance of wind power field current collecting line m faults; according to the worst scene model, taking the minimum wind curtailment demand as the target to optimize the model and taking the system running safety requirement on the circumstance of the worst wind power output as a constraint condition to build a robust dual-layer wind power mixed integer interval optimization model; according to a variable equivalent substitution method and a strong dual principle of linear programming, transforming the robust dual-layer wind power mixed integer interval optimization model into the problem about single-layer secondary programming, and utilizing an interior point method to solve the optimal thermal power output planned value and the maximum wind power planned interval; and finally performing wind power scheduling according to the optimal thermal power output planned value and the maximum wind power planned interval so as to achieve the robust interval wind power scheduling.

The invention provides systems and methods for layout decomposition to produce exposure layouts that can be used to perform double patterning lithography (DPL). Preferred embodiment methods of the invention are executed by a computer and provide alternate methods for layout decomposition for double patterning lithography (DPL) using integer linear programming (ILP) formulations. Embodiments of the invention meet a key optimization goals, which is to reduce the total cost of layout decomposition, considering the abovementioned aspects that contribute to cost of prior conventional DPL techniques. Embodiments of the invention provide integer linear programming (ILP), phase conflict detection (PCD) and node election bipartization (NBD) formulations for the optimization of DPL layout decomposition, with a process-aware cost function that avoids small jogging line-ends, and maximizes overlap at dividing points of polygons. The cost function can also make preferential splits at landing pads, junctions and long runs.

The invention relates to a data caching substitution method based on content level and popularity in NDN / CCN and belongs to the technical field of Internet communications. According to the method, under the premise of guaranteeing the performance of the whole NDN / CCN network, data is cached in a node as close to a client as possible when the position of a data placement node is selected, and meanwhile, in order to guarantee the performance of the whole network, the node for caching the data has relatively high requirements on both the average request level of data and the request frequency of the data; besides, when data needs to be cached in another node, the weight value of the data in the present node needs to be calculated according to the request level of the data in the present node and the request frequency of the data in different time slots if the caching space is insufficient, and then whether the existing data in a cache needs to be deleted for saving the data is judged on the basis of the weight value. Data high in request level and popularity is retained, thus improving the caching space utilization efficiency of the whole network.

The invention discloses an HEK (human embryonic kidney) 293 cell line applicable to serum-free culture and an application thereof. According to the invention, the HEK 293 cell (293SF) applicable to serum-free culture is obtained by adopting a culture solution progressive substitution method, wherein the preservation number of the HEK 293 cell is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No.5824. Detection shows that the 293SF cell has stable adenovirus proliferation capacity and foreign protein expressing ability; average lesion time is 97 hours and is reduced by 12.9% compared with the HEK 293 cell; virus virulence reaches up to 107.48TCID50 / mL and is improved by 43.3% compared with the HEK293 cell; and stability is good while generation number is improved, and the state and susceptibility of the 293SF cell are not changed after the 293SF cell is continuous passage is carried out for sixteen times. The cell line disclosed by the invention can be used for serum-free production of an adenovirus vector vaccine.

A novel connection device, and method for its use, for connecting a volume displacement detection device and a gas composition detection device in line with an intubation tube is disclosed. The connection device allows a user to combine two systems commonly employed by medical personnel to assess the location of an intubation tube placed into a patient. The two systems have alternate means of assessing the location of an intubation tube in a patient and therefore, when combined into a single unit via the connection device, improve the accuracy of placing a tube in a desired location while reducing or eliminating complications associated with misplacement. A kit comprising components that may be assembled to provide a device for assessing the proper placement of an intubation tube in a patient is also disclosed. The kit may be used in any environment, but is particularly well suited for emergency, pre-hospital settings requiring intubation where quick assembly of the components is essential.

The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for generating alternatives to words indicative of recognized speech. A reference path of recognized words is generated, based upon input speech data. An operator selection input is received and is indicative of a selected portion of the recognized speech, for which alternatives are to be generated. Boundary conditions for alternatives to be generated are calculated based upon bounds of a reference subpath corresponding to the selected portion of the recognized speech. Alternate subpaths satisfying the boundary conditions are constructed from a hypothesis store which corresponds to the input speech data.

The invention discloses a three-phase load flow calculation method of a weak looped distribution network comprising multi-type distributed power sources. Firstly, the effective three-phase load flow calculation method of a weak looped distribution network is put forward in a distribution sequencing network based on a sequence component calculation method and in combination with characteristics of the weak looped distribution network and a loop analysis of a road. Secondly, detailed formula derivation of iterative computation of distributed generation (DG) of a PQ node type, a PQ (V) node type, an OV node type and a PI node type is conducted and the easy formula is introduced into the load flow calculation method. The three-phase load flow calculation method of the weak looped distribution network comprising the multi-type distributed power sources can effectively process multi-type DG and the weak looped distribution network and is distinct in calculation procedure, simple in programming, and easy to achieve. In addition, the three-phase load flow calculation method of the weak looped distribution network comprising the multi-type distributed power sources retains strong points of rapid calculation and stable convergence of a forward-back substitution method catering to branch circuits. Finally, effectiveness and good convergence of the three-phase load flow calculation method of the weak looped distribution network comprising the multi-type distributed power sources is tested and verified by means of a IEEE (institute of electrical and electronic engineers)-37 generatrix test calculation case, and the three-phase load flow calculation method of the weak looped distribution network comprising the multi-type distributed power sources has good ability of processing the multi-type DG and the looped network.

The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting an abnormal current of a circuit. The method comprises the following steps of: locating a specific position with abnormal current consumption by detecting an input current of an electronic product; adjusting the voltage of a precise power supply of the electronic product, observing the change situation of the current consumed by the product along with the input voltage, and quickly distinguishing that the abnormal current occurs in an LDO (Low Drop Output) circuit, a DC-DC switch power supply circuit or a direct battery-powered circuit. Furthermore, for a complex multipath LDO circuit, the current consumption on each path of the LDO circuit can be measured by an external power supply forced substitution method. The invention can simplify detection operations, shorten the detection time, reduce the analysis difficulty and increase the efficiency of detecting abnormal current in circuits and the detection success rate.

The invention provides a distributed photovoltaic power distribution network planning method based on an improved particle swarm. The method comprises the steps of building a power distribution network structure model and initializing particle swarm algorithm parameters; determining a clustering result according to load information of each node to generate an initial swarm; calculating distributedphotovoltaic total daily output data of each node of a power distribution network in each period of time by sampling a photovoltaic typical daily output curve and a regional typical daily load curve;building a target function model according to the loss of the power distribution network and a voltage of each node; for particles in the swarm, performing power flow and network loss calculation byapplying a forward and backward substitution method to build an optimization model; updating the positions of the particles according to preset parameters through an iterative result, and re-evaluating the fitness values of the particles; and if the particles reach a maximum iterative frequency condition, outputting an optimal solution, namely, the current optimal solution of the swarm at the endof iteration, otherwise, re-planning an installation scheme. According to the method, more distributed photovoltaic power generation systems can be installed at grid connection points under the condition that the voltage does not exceed a limit, so that the electricity utilization requirements are met.

The invention discloses a content popularity-based CCN cache partition and substitution method, and belongs to the technical field of networks. Popularity of contents is taken into consideration on the basis of the traditional substitution method LRU, and contents with different popularity are partitioned for storage and substitution in node caches. According to the method, the contents with high and low popularity are stored separately according to the high and low popularity of the contents, so that the problem that the contents with low popularity are substituted by the contents with high popularity very soon due to a lower arrival rate is solved, the hit rate of the contents with low popularity is improved, an average hit distance for a user to acquire the contents with low popularity is reduced, and the network performance of the CCN is improved.

An improved light-emitting display having a plurality of micro-components sandwiched between two substrates is disclosed. Each micro-component contains a gas or gas-mixture capable of ionization when a sufficiently large trigger voltage is supplied across the micro-component by up to two triggering electrodes and ionization can be maintain by a sustain voltage supplied by up to two sustain electrodes. The display is further divided into a plurality of panels that can be individually addressed in parallel, preferably directly through the back of the panels and can include voltage multiplying circuitry to decrease the power demands for addressing circuitry. Alternative methods of addressing the micro-components include the use of directed light and arrangements of electrodes to address multiple micro-components with a single electrode.

The present invention is directed to a method for equalizing a radio frequency (RF) waveform in a communication system. The method includes generating a DDS waveform at a predetermined instantaneous frequency. A digital instantaneous frequency signal corresponding to the predetermined instantaneous frequency is provided. A predetermined digital scaling factor corresponding to the predetermined instantaneous frequency is retrieved. The DDS waveform is multiplied by the digital scaling factor to yield an equalized DDS waveform.

A method of extracting the shape of a probe tip of a probe-based instrument from data obtained by the instrument is provided. The method employs algorithms based on the principle that no reconstructed image points can physically occupy the same region as the tip during imaging. Sequential translates of the tip shape or volume sweep out an area or volume that is an “exclusion zone” similar to morphological erosion. The embodiments of the alternative method use either the region defined by the tip boundary or simply the tip boundary.