The invention discloses a pneumatic control valve for an anesthetic evaporator. The pneumatic control valve comprises a valve seat and a valve plate. The valve plate is in contact with the valve seat and can rotate relative to the valve seat, the valve seat is provided with a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a gas channel, the gas channel is arranged inside the valve seat, at least a first gas hole and a second gas hole are formed in the valve seat, gas can flow into an evaporation chamber via the first gas hole, gas can be exhausted from the evaporation chamber via the second gas hole, and a first plugging portion and a second plugging portion which respectively correspond to the first gas hole and the second gas hole are arranged on the valve plate. The pneumatic control valve has the advantages that the valve plate can rotate, so that the first gas hole and the second gas hole can be plugged by the first plugging portion and the second blocking portion respectively, the anesthetic evaporator is positioned at a transportation station, all gas holes which are communicated with the evaporation chamber are plugged, and the problem of leakage of anesthetics in transportation procedures can be effectively solved; a third gas hole is further formed in the valve plate, an atmosphere communicating portion which corresponds to the third gas hole is arranged on the valve plate, and the valve plate can rotate, so that the atmosphere communicating portion can be communicated with the third gas hole, and the internal evaporation pressure of the evaporation chamber can be effectively relieved when the anesthetic evaporator is positioned at a non-working station.