The invention discloses a jig for detecting a short-circuited or open-circuit component on a circuit board. The jig for detecting the short-circuited or open-circuit component on the circuit board comprises a pin plate, a pin protection plate, a roof plate, a press plate, PCB press bars, press bars, guide rods, a front plate and side plates, wherein the side plates which are perpendicularly vertical are arranged on the two sides of the lower plane of the pin plate, the front plate which is perpendicularly vertical is arranged on the front side of the lower plane of the pin plate, the two ends of the front plate are connected to the side plates, the pin protection plate is arranged on the pin plate, the multiple guide rods penetrating through the pin protection plate are arranged on the pin plate, the upper ends of the guide rods are connected with the press plate, the PCB press bars are arranged between the press plate and the pin protection plate, and the roof plate is installed on the upper plane of the press plate through the press bars. Due to the mode, detection efficiency of workers on an assembly line can be improved, detection omission is prevented, whether the short-circuited or open-circuit component is broken or not is completely judged through a detection program, and detection efficiency is greatly improved.