The application provides a large-span cover piece tensioning anchoring structure, which comprises a stand column, a lower cross beam and an upper cross beam are arranged at the upper end of the stand column, a supporting rod is arranged at the inner side of the upper cross beam, a tensioning platform is arranged at the outer side of the upper cross beam, an anchor plate is further arranged above the tensioning platform, the lower end of the anchor plate is attached to and connected to the outer side of the upper cross beam, a plurality of prestressed penetrating holes are arranged at the upper end of the anchor plate, the prestressed tendons of the cover piece pass through the prestressed penetrating holes, a tensioning device is sleeved on the prestressed tendons, a pre-embedded part is arranged in the tensioning platform, a first pull rod is arranged at the upper end of the pre-embedded part, the upper end of the first pull rod is connected to the upper end of the anchor plate, a second pull rod is arranged at the lower end of the pre-embedded part, and the lower end of the second pull rod is connected to the lower cross beam, thereby solving the anchoring problem of the two ends of the large-span cover piece.