The invention discloses a power distribution network fault diagnosis system and method. The system includes: at least two power distribution terminals, a GIS system, at least two edge nodes, a centralcloud node and an application terminal. The edge nodes are used for determining the operation state of the power distribution network according to power distribution network information sent by a power distribution terminal connected with the edge node; and when it is determined that the operation state is that the power distribution network has a fault, the edge nodes are used for sending faultinformation to the central cloud node, the central cloud node is used for judging the fault information again according to the GIS system, and if the central cloud node judges that the power distribution network has a fault, the central cloud node is used for sending the fault information to the application terminal. Through the end-side-cloud management architecture design, data acquisition, dataprocessing and fault analysis can be carried out on site, and the data processing pressure and energy consumption of the central cloud node are reduced. Meanwhile, the power distribution network fault can be quickly positioned based on the GIS system, and the operation and maintenance efficiency is improved.