The invention discloses a multifunctional medical detector which comprises a sample adding mechanism, an optical detection mechanism, a reaction bin, a driving mechanism, an electrode tip and a detection result processing module, wherein the driving mechanism is provided with a driving output shaft, and the driving output shaft is located in the middle of the reaction bin and used for driving a reagent plate in the reaction bin to rotate; the optical detection mechanism is located below the reaction bin, sequentially projecting light rays to at least one dry reagent pieces, used for biochemical detection, of the reagent plate along with rotation of the reagent plate, and receiving the light rays reflected by the at least one dry reagent piece to obtain at least one reflection response voltage value for biochemical detection; the electrode tip is located at the upper part of the reaction bin, provided with at least two telescopic electrode contacts, used for sequentially contacting the electrode on the reagent plate through the electrode contacts along with rotation of the reagent plate to read biochemical detection and/or blood routine examination voltage detection values of samples. The invention further discloses a multifunctional medical detection system.