The embodiment of the invention discloses a sensorless control device and method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor of an electronic water pump. The device comprises a current sampling module, a flux linkage observation module, a phase-locked loop module, an SVPWM module, a pre-positioning module, an IF speed open-loop module, and a sensorless speed closed-loop module. The pre-positioning module obtains a direct current component under a synchronous rotating coordinate system through current coordinate transformation, and inputs a difference value into a PI controller for adjustment to obtain a reference voltage signal. According to the IF speed open-loop module, the current is kept unchanged at a pre-positioning current, the current is controlled by a PI controller in a closed-loop mode, and parameters are enhanced. The sensorless speed closed-loop module is used for obtaining current and voltage components under a rotating coordinate system through coordinate transformation, obtaining a rotor angle through arc tangent calculation and estimating the rotating speed of the motor and the position of the rotor in real time. According to the invention, an electronic water pump can be reliably started without a sensor, the low-speed stability and the anti-interference capability are strong, the high-speed dynamic performance is good, the method is not sensitive to motor parameters, and the motor control robustness is improved.