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This invention relates to the field of advanced petrochemical new materials technology, and discloses a luminescent composite material, its preparation method, and its application. The composite material comprises the following components: homopolymer polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, a compatibility modification system, double-modified rare-earth strontium aluminate luminescent powder, dispersant, antioxidant, weathering agent, toughening agent, nucleating agent, and silane coupling agent. This invention employs a compatibility modification system composed of maleic anhydride-grafted PP-g-PBS copolymer and double-modified nano-montmorillonite. The maleic anhydride-grafted PP-g-PBS copolymer constructs a chemical link between the polypropylene and polybutylene succinate molecular chains through a grafting reaction, reducing the interfacial tension between the two resins. The double-modified nano-montmorillonite, after ionic liquid intercalation and silane grafting treatment, exhibits increased interlayer spacing and improved surface activity, uniformly dispersed in the matrix, and acts as a physical crosslinking point, improving the compatibility of the matrix resin and preventing phase separation.