The invention provides an oestrus checking and mating method for improving the pregnancy rate of sows and belongs to the technical field of breeding. The method comprises the following steps of oestrus checking, wherein oestrus checking is carried out on the sows each afternoon one time, in the first three days after weaning, boars are not used for checking oestrus, in the fourth to seventh day after weaning, the boars are used for checking oestrus, the oestrus sows are pressed manually, and standing reaction is determined; mating, wherein in the first three days after weaning, if the sows arein oestrus and generate standing reaction, mating is conducted instantly two times, wherein the interval is 12 hours; if the sows are in oestrus while standing reaction does not happen, the sows arekept to conduct mating on the afternoon of the fourth day; in the fourth to fifth day after weaning, oestrus happens, no matter standing reaction is presented or not, mating is conducted immediately,after the interval of 24 hours, mating is conducted for the second time; six days after weaning, the sows which are not in oestrus are directly eliminated; in mating, the boars need to be present. According to the oestrus checking and mating method, the oestrus checking number and mode are reasonably arranged, mating is conducted at the right time, the pregnancy rate of the sows is improved, and the working efficiency is improved.