The invention provides a system having the functions of urban surface runoff regulation and indoor temperature control. The system comprises a vegetation layer, a matrix layer, an isolation filter layer, a water draining layer, a moisture preserving carpet, a root blocking layer, a waterproof layer, a structural layer, a hydraulic drive device, a connecting rod mechanism, foldable elastic waterproof cloth, a photovoltaic solar power generating system and a rainwater collecting device. By the adoption of the technical scheme and the grooving design of the water draining layer, rainwater form pipeline type circulation in the water draining layer under the gravitational effect. By adjusting a roof angle, on the one hand, the rainwater absorbing and storage capability of the vegetation layer and the matrix layer is improved, the water circulating rate of the water draining layer is reduced, and the surface runoff is decreased; on the other hand, the surface air flowing strength of a roof and the vegetation layer are changed, further heat dissipation speed is further changed, and indoor temperature is regulated. The system gives consideration to the indoor temperature while regulating the surface runoff, improves an ecological value of the roof per unit area and achieves win-win social, economic and environmental benefits.