The invention discloses a rubber plug quality detection device and method. The detection device at least comprises a uniform speed rotating platform, a detection position, a focus-fixing camera, a photoelectric switch, a light source, an industrial personal computer, a display device and a defective good processing device. Rubber plugs to be detected are conveyed to the detection position through the uniform speed rotating platform. When the photoelectric switch identifies that the rubber plugs to be detected are in the detection position, five focus-fixing cameras are triggered to conduct multi-angle shooting on the rubber plugs to be detected, the rear industrial personal computer conducts radius detection processing, roundness detection processing, trimming condition detection processing, thickness detection processing, impurity pot detection processing and other detection processing on the shot and collected rubber plug images, and data statistics, storage and display transmission are conducted on the detected results; the detected defective goods are removed. By means of the rubber plug quality detection device and method, comprehensive automatic quality testing, quality detection, result display and removal processing are finished in one detection device, the precision is high, the speed is high, efficient and reliable functions are achieved, the production cost is low, and the defects generated by manual detection are overcome.