The invention belongs to the technical field of the semiconductor laser driving circuit, and specifically relates to a pulse driving circuit based on a vertical cavity surface emitting laser. The structure circuit comprises a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, energy storage units, a switch unit, a driving chip, a current detection unit, a charge current-limiting unit, and an input-output interface; the components are integrated on one circuit board; a light-emitting surface electrode of the vertical cavity surface emitting laser is connected to a circuit board, the energy storage units are distributed around the vertical cavity surface emitting laser, and the switch unit is located on a back of the circuit board located by the vertical cavity surface emitting laser; the energy storage units, the vertical cavity surface emitting laser, the current detection unit and the switch unit form a discharge loop through circuit board via holes. By utilizing the dual-layer structure of thevertical cavity surface emitting laser and the circuit board multilayer circuit structure, the pulse discharge loop can be integrated in the 180-DEG space around the laser, the structure is simple, the distribution parameter is controllable, and the narrow pulse large current parameter is easy to produce, thereby obtaining the laser narrow pulse with high peak power.