The invention discloses a vehicle image optimization method and system based on adversarial learning. The vehicle image optimization method comprises the steps: collecting vehicle images photographedat different angles, and dividing the vehicle images into a standard scene image and a non-standard scene image; carrying out image preprocessing on the non-standard image to obtain a low-quality dataset; constructing a vehicle image optimization model based on the generative adversarial network, wherein the model is composed of a generator, a discriminator and a feature extractor; training a vehicle image optimization model based on the generative adversarial network, setting a loss function, calculating a network weight gradient by adopting back propagation, and updating parameters of the vehicle image optimization model; and after the vehicle image optimization model is trained, reserving the generator as a final vehicle image optimization model, inputting multi-scene vehicle images, and outputting optimized standard scene images. According to the invention, migration from complex scene vehicle images to standard scene vehicle images is realized, and the purpose of optimizing the image quality is achieved, and the vehicle detection and recognition accuracy is improved.