361results about How to "Reliable ignition" patented technology

An electronic ballast for high intensity gas discharge lamps where the wave form of the lamp current is square wave providing acoustic resonance and flickering free operation. The circuit, having high efficiency, operates in a wide temperature range providing ideal ballast curve and reliable ignition for the lamps. Furthermore, significant energy saving can be achieved by its externally controlled built in dimming capability.

A lamp inverter with continuous strike voltage facilitates faster striking of a fluorescent lamp, especially at cold temperatures. A frequency sweep generator sweeps the frequency of the lamp inverter to a striking frequency corresponding to a striking lamp voltage and then maintains the striking frequency until the lamp strikes.

An improved system of igniting a plasma using a rapid voltage rise and thus causing ions that may be pre-existing to create secondary electron emission or the like is provided. In one embodiment, the voltage rise can be timed to be comparable to the transit time of the electrons across the plasma. It can also be arranged to achieve a voltage rise in less than 1000 microseconds, to result in a transition time that is less than one hundred times the transit time, to maximize the emission of secondary electrons, or even to merely result in collision energies ranging from 5 to 500 electron volts. The transition time can be controlled through an ignition control that may be programmable, may involve charging output storage devices, or may involve delayed switching to supply the increased voltage to the plasma after the storage elements have been more fully charged.< / PTEXT>

Apparatus for dissociating gases includes a plasma chamber comprising a gas. A first transformer having a first magnetic core surrounds a first portion of the plasma chamber and has a first primary winding. A second transformer having a second magnetic core surrounds a second portion of the plasma chamber and has a second primary winding. A first solid state AC switching power supply including one or more switching semiconductor devices is coupled to a first voltage supply and has a first output that is coupled to the first primary winding. A second solid state AC switching power supply including one or more switching semiconductor devices is coupled to a second voltage supply and has a second output that is coupled to the second primary winding. The first solid state AC switching power supply drives a first AC current in the first primary winding. The second solid state AC switching power supply drives a second AC current in the second primary winding. The first AC current and the second AC current induce a combined AC potential inside the plasma chamber that directly forms a toroidal plasma that completes a secondary circuit of the transformer and that dissociates the gas.

Plasma ignition and cooling apparatus and methods for plasma systems are described. An apparatus can include a vessel and at least one ignition electrode adjacent to the vessel. A total length of a dimension of the at least one ignition electrode is greater than 10% of a length of the vessel's channel. The apparatus can include a dielectric toroidal vessel, a heat sink having multiple segments urged toward the vessel by a spring-loaded mechanism, and a thermal interface between the vessel and the heat sink. A method can include providing a gas having a flow rate and a pressure and directing a portion of the flow rate of the gas into a vessel channel. The gas is ignited in the channel while the remaining portion of the flow rate is directed away from the channel.

A method and apparatus for fuel reforming using the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines and high temperature combustion processes in which a fuel for reforming and steam mixture is introduced into a tube bundle having a plurality of heat exchange tubes and heat from the exhaust gases is transferred into the heat exchange tubes, thereby increasing the temperature of the mixture. The heated mixture is reformed by contact with a reforming catalyst external to, but proximate to the exit of, the tube bundle, forming a reformed fuel. To remove substantially all of the heat from the exhaust gases, a plurality of tube bundles and associated reforming catalyst arranged in series are provided.

Plasma ignition and cooling apparatus and methods for plasma systems are described. An apparatus can include a vessel and at least one ignition electrode adjacent to the vessel. A total length of a dimension of the at least one ignition electrode is greater than 10% of a length of the vessel's channel. The apparatus can include a dielectric toroidal vessel, a heat sink having multiple segments urged toward the vessel by a spring-loaded mechanism, and a thermal interface between the vessel and the heat sink. A method can include providing a gas having a flow rate and a pressure and directing a portion of the flow rate of the gas into a vessel channel. The gas is ignited in the channel while the remaining portion of the flow rate is directed away from the channel.

A compression ignition engine is supplied with a first fuel in a flow of air and a second fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. The first fuel comprises a more volatile fuel than diesel such as ethanol, LPG or other combustible gas; the second fuel comprises diesel or biodiesel; and the second fuel is injected in multiple pulses in each ignition cycle with the first pulse acting as a pilot pulse to trigger ignition, and the timing of the second pulse being such as to modify the temperature through evaporation of the second fuel and thereby reduce the combustion temperature and mitigate knock susceptibility. Preferably the pilot pulse is followed by a single further pulse of the second fuel in the ignition cycle. The engine may be controlled to operate in two different modes, one mode for light and medium load conditions when there is only a pilot pulse injection of the second fuel which reduces NOx and soot emissions, and the other mode for higher load conditions when there is a pilot pulse injection followed by a main pulse injection of the second fuel. The first fuel may comprise bioethanol and or one or more of the following: ethanol, butanol, propanol, lpg, natural gas, hydrogen.

A method and apparatus for fuel reforming using the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines and high temperature combustion processes in which a fuel for reforming and steam mixture is introduced into a tube bundle having a plurality of heat exchange tubes and heat from the exhaust gases is transferred into the heat exchange tubes, thereby increasing the temperature of the mixture. The heated mixture is reformed by contact with a reforming catalyst external to, but proximate to the exit of, the tube bundle, forming a reformed fuel. To remove substantially all of the heat from the exhaust gases, a plurality of tube bundles and associated reforming catalyst arranged in series are provided.

A small gas turbine engine for use in an UAV such as a cruise missile, the gas turbine having a combustor forming a primary burn zone and a secondary burn zone, and in which fuel is injected into both the primary and the secondary burn zones by either a rotary cup injector or a plurality of fuel injector nozzles. The secondary burn zone with separate fuel injection allows for the diameter of the engine to be reduced in size but still allow for adequate power and efficiency to be reached for powering the vehicle. Air flow from the compressor is used to cool the combustor walls before being injected into the combustor, and to pass through and cool the guide nozzles and a main bearing located near the hot section of the combustor prior to being introduced into the combustor.

An electronic control system especially for non-linear loads, such as high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, includes an active power factor correction circuit (APFC). The system provides a power factor correction of above 0.95; total harmonic distortion (THD) below 5%; lamp crest factor (LCF) close to unity; efficient power consumption and reliable open circuit voltage (OCV) under all power line conditions. A ballast would include integrated circuits (ICs) and a four-arm transistor bridge which is directly driven by integrated circuits. The bridge generates reversal of polarity to the load. An approximate average current feedback is derived from a load current. A resistor divider in parallel with the load provides voltage feedback. The average current feedback and voltage feedback are added together to provide an approximation of power consumed by the load, without the complex circuitry required for a true power feedback of current multiplied by voltage. That composite feedback signal is transmitted to the integrated circuit (IC) which compares it with an internal reference voltage and which adjusts the IC output to minimize the error.

Apparatus for dissociating gases includes a plasma chamber comprising a gas. A first transformer having a first magnetic core surrounds a first portion of the plasma chamber and has a first primary winding. A second transformer having a second magnetic core surrounds a second portion of the plasma chamber and has a second primary winding. A first solid state AC switching power supply including one or more switching semiconductor devices is coupled to a first voltage supply and has a first output that is coupled to the first primary winding. A second solid state AC switching power supply including one or more switching semiconductor devices is coupled to a second voltage supply and has a second output that is coupled to the second primary winding. The first solid state AC switching power supply drives a first AC current in the first primary winding. The second solid state AC switching power supply drives a second AC current in the second primary winding. The first AC current and the second AC current induce a combined AC potential inside the plasma chamber that directly forms a toroidal plasma that completes a secondary circuit of the transformer and that dissociates the gas.

An electronic ballast for high intensity gas discharge lamps where the wave form of the lamp current is square wave providing acoustic resonance and flickering free operation. The circuit, having high efficiency, operates in a wide temperature range providing ideal ballast curve and reliable ignition for the lamps. Furthermore, significant energy saving can be achieved by its externally controlled built in dimming capability.

In a laser ignition apparatus, a focusing optical element is configured to focus a pulsed laser light to a predetermined focal point in a combustion chamber of an engine. An optical window member is arranged on the combustion chamber side of the focusing optical element so as to separate the focusing optical element from the combustion chamber. A catoptric-light focal point, at which a catoptric light is to be focused, is positioned on the anti-combustion chamber side of a combustion chamber-side end surface of the optical window member. The catoptric light results from the reflection of the pulsed laser light by a pseudo mirror that is formed by the optical window member when the combustion chamber-side end surface thereof is fouled with contaminants. Further, the catoptric-light focal point falls in a region where no solid material forming either the focusing optical element or the optical window member exists.

The invention relates to a coaxial partition high-temperature-rise combustor head which comprises a first-stage axial hydrocyclone (31), a venturi (32), a main-stage fuel oil way (33), a second-stageaxial hydrocyclone (34), a baffling device (35), a three-stage axial hydrocyclone (36) and a splash pan (37). A middle cooling runner (41) is formed between the venturi (32) and the main-stage fuel oil way (33), an expansion section of the venturi (32) is provided with a plurality of rows of cooling small holes (42), part of air flowing into the middle cooling runner (41) flows out from the cooling small holes (42) in the expansion section of the venturi (32), the other part of air flows through the periphery of a main spraying opening (43) in the tail end of the main-stage fuel oil way (33) to flow out from a main-stage fuel oil atomization channel (44).

In a method for operating a spark-ignition, direct-injection internal combustion engine, wherein fuel is injected into a cylinder of the internal combustion engine and is ignited by a spark plug as a function of at least the load of the internal combustion engine, a crank angle is determined at which a first amount of fuel is injected into the cylinder during the intake stroke whereby a lean mixture is formed in the cylinder, subsequently, as a function of at least the load of the internal combustion engine, a crank angle is determined at which a second amount of fuel is injected, whereby a mixture cloud, which is richer than the lean mixture is formed in the lean mixture and a third amount of fuel is injected in the form of a stratified injection for forming a locally enriched and ignitable fuel / air mixture in the region of the spark plug close to an ignition time which is then ignited by the spark plug causing also combustion of the mixture cloud and the lean mixture.

Internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder, in which the combustion of a homogeneous air / fuel mixture compressed in the cylinder by a piston is initiated by a time-controlled external ignition, the air / fuel ratio of the air / fuel mixture in the combustion chamber (25) being greater than 1.9 and, for the time-controlled external ignition, at least one laser light source (10), at least one optical transmission apparatus (11) and at least one coupling optic (12) for the focussing of laser light into a combustion chamber (25) being provided.

The invention discloses an insensitive electric igniter for a nuclear blast valve, which is suitable to be used for nuclear power generating units. The electric igniter comprises an electrode plug, a charging cap, a bridge belt and charged powder, wherein the electrode plug, the charging cap, the bridge belt and the charged powder are all arranged in a shell; and the electric igniter is characterized in that the charging cap is made of aluminium oxide ceramics, and an electrostatic discharging channel is formed between an electric contact pin on the electrode plug and the inner wall of the shell by a second disk with minimum diameter on the charging cap, thereby combining the functions of 'blocking' and 'discharging'; the charged powder is a Zr / KClO4 medicament which can bear long-time high temperature and irradiation environment; and the bridge belt is serialized, and can satisfy the applied objects with different dimensional requirements for interfaces. The invention provides an electric igniter which can be used safely and reliably under the harsh operating environment of nuclear power generating units, lives up to the requirements for safety performance of misfiring under the condition of 1A / 1W / 5min, and meets the technical index of no leakage within 15min at an action time of not more than 10ms and under the action of 69MPa pressure when 3.7 A of rated firing current is applied; and meanwhile, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy installation, good adaptability to environment, and the like.

A small gas turbine engine for use in an UAV such as a cruise missile, the gas turbine having a combustor forming a primary burn zone and a secondary burn zone, and in which fuel is injected into both the primary and the secondary burn zones by either a rotary cup injector or a plurality of fuel injector nozzles. The secondary burn zone with separate fuel injection allows for the diameter of the engine to be reduced in size but still allow for adequate power and efficiency to be reached for powering the vehicle. Air flow from the compressor is used to cool the combustor walls before being injected into the combustor, and to pass through and cool the guide nozzles and a main bearing located near the hot section of the combustor prior to being introduced into the combustor.

A method and apparatus for processing metal bearing gases involves generating a toroidal plasma in a plasma chamber. A metal bearing gas is introduced into the plasma chamber to react with the toroidal plasma. The interaction between the toroidal plasma and the metal bearing gas produces at least one of a metallic material, a metal oxide material or a metal nitride material.

A compression ignition engine is supplied with a first fuel in a flow of air and a second fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. The first fuel comprises a more volatile fuel than diesel such as ethanol, LPG or other combustible gas; the second fuel comprises diesel or biodiesel; and the second fuel is injected in multiple pulses in each ignition cycle with the first pulse acting as a pilot pulse to trigger ignition, and the timing of the second pulse being such as to modify the temperature through evaporation of the second fuel and thereby reduce the combustion temperature and mitigate knock susceptibility. Preferably the pilot pulse is followed by a single further pulse of the second fuel in the ignition cycle. The engine may be controlled to operate in two different modes, one mode for light and medium load conditions when there is only a pilot pulse injection of the second fuel which reduces NOx and soot emissions, and the other mode for higher load conditions when there is a pilot pulse injection followed by a main pulse injection of the second fuel. The first fuel may comprise bioethanol and or one or more of the following: ethanol, butanol, propanol, lpg, natural gas, hydrogen.

A fire-starter device for survival or emergency use has a handle portion and case portion that twist together, to sheath a mischmetal flint rod inside the case, and a seal ring protects the flint rod from environmental moisture. The case has a steel strike plate and a guide channel. The mischmetal flint rod favorably has a composition of cerium—50%, lanthanum—26%, magnesium—10%, praseodymium—3%, neodymium—1%, and iron—10%.

The invention discloses an emergency released-torch burner which comprises a nozzle pipe, the nozzle pipe is connected with a torch barrel by a flange, the upper end of the nozzle pipe is connected with a mixer, the top end of the mixer is provided with a flame holder, a windshield is arranged above the mixer, a firing barrel and an incandescent light which are supplied gas respectively through a fuel gas pipe thereof are arranged in the windshield, and a position close to the incandescent light is provided with a flame monitor. The emergency released-torch burner disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, easy to use, and reasonable in design; by using the burner, a torch system can satisfy the requirements of safe releasing under the conditions that the torch system starts and stops working and is in accident states and unstable working conditions; the burner is reliable in ignition, stabile and full in combustion, and uneasy to produce black smoke; and the incandescent light is not easy to go out, therefore, the service life of the emergency released-torch burner is prolonged, and the emergency released-torch burner is small in maintenance quantity, and uneasy to be damaged by people.

A diesel internal combustion engine that is operated advantageously at least predominantly according to the diesel principle, with a multi-fuel adaptation unit that reacts to various fuels of different mixtures and adapts an operating mode of the internal combustion engine to these fuels, wherein the multi-fuel adaptation unit comprises at least the following elements:a fuel characterization,a combustion-chamber filling that can be adapted as a function of a characteristic fuel,external ignition that can be allocated to each cylinder of the internal combustion engine,at least one control device that implements a first control strategy in which, in a lower load range, external ignition is performed, and a second control strategy in which automatic ignition is performed in a load range that is higher relative to the lower load range,a combustion-point control that can be adapted automatically to the characterized fuel, anda conversion-rate control that can be adapted automatically to the characterized fuel.

The micro oil plasma complex ignition and stable burning method ignites the coal powder by assisting the plasma igniter with micro oil ignition. It can use micro oil ignition to light the coal powder air stream reliably when the plasma igniter is not available. When the power is not sufficient, the assistant oil gun mist spray will complement the ignition energy, achieving the goal of replacing oil and saving fuels.

The invention relates to the structure, charge and production process of a non-priming charge detonator. The invented non-priming charge detonator includes two types of instant detonators, electric igniter tip and non-electric plastic nonel, and a millisecond delay detonator with a lead core delay body. It stimulates the combustion of gunpowder in the steel pipe to generate high-pressure gas, which acts on the high explosive to make it burn in the steel pipe and develop into a high-speed detonation at the bottom of the steel pipe, thereby making a non-priming detonator. The design is optimized for reliable operation and simple fabrication.

The invention discloses a technology that can improve the burning efficiency of internal fire engine and decrease tail gas release. It couples microwave energy that has a certain frequency into the cylinder of the engine, and fires the oil-gas mixed gas in the cylinder at a seemly moment. The frequency of the microwave is equal to the electromagnetic eigenfrequency that can cause resonance and couple the microwave into the cylinder. After firing, the left microwave acts with the plasma caused by the burning of the cylinder. Thus, the fast entire burning and more absolutely burning of the oil-gas mixture and decreasing the release of end gas would be achieved.