The invention relates to the field of network information security, in particular to a file compression encryption and decryption method and system based on dynamic passwords. The method comprises the steps that first, a compression encryption device compresses an original file into a compressed file; second, a first dynamic password is input into the compression encryption device and an encryption key is generated; third, the compression encryption device encrypts the compressed file through the encryption key. According to the file compression encryption and decryption method and system, the file is compressed firstly, the dynamic passwords are obtained through a dynamic token, then, the encryption key is obtained through the dynamic passwords, and the compressed file can be encrypted; an authentication server and the dynamic token synchronously generate dynamic passwords, the dynamic passwords are compared so that the compressed file can be decrypted. Due to the fact that authenticity and integrity of the compressed file in the transmission process are guaranteed in the whole decryption process through the dynamic passwords, non-repudiation of signature verification of the compressed file is guaranteed, the file can be managed more easily, operation can be convenient to perform, and both safety and usability of file management can be achieved.