The invention discloses a photoelectrical fire control system and method of an armed unmanned aerial vehicle. The photoelectrical fire control system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle body, an electric source, an electrical pan tilt, a camera, a distance meter, a sensor, a computer, a firing angle adjusting mechanism, a communication module and a ground display and control platform, wherein theelectrical pan tilt controls the camera and the laser distance meter to catch, track and measure a target; the computer calculates firing elements according to received parameters by a solving hit method; and the adjusting mechanism and the unmanned aerial vehicle are used for executing the command to aim at the target. The photoelectrical fire control system disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects of being compact in structure, small in size, high in accuracy and high in mechanism executing speed; the specific requirements for being light in weighting, and automatically and quickly aiming at and hitting the target of the fire control system of the unmanned aerial vehicle are well met; the working flow of the fire control system and the solving hit method are low in occupiedresources, and high in solving efficiency; and the requirements of the armed unmanned aerial vehicle for accurately measuring the target, precisely aiming at the target and precisely hitting the target are met.