The invention discloses an engineering surveying instrument and a lens pollution prevention machine tool for machining the surveying instrument. A surveying instrument is fixedly connected to the middle of the top end of the triangular bottom plate. A splicing mechanism is rotationally connected to the edge part of one side of the triangular bottom plate. The splicing mechanism comprises a connecting rotating block, a middle connecting square block, a side connecting square block, a buckle square box, an installation guide plate, a guide sliding rod, a sliding clamping block, a reset spring, adriving pin, a take-up reel, a limiting clamping block, a rectangular storage groove, a buckle groove, a triangular middle block and a limiting rubber pad. The side connecting square blocks are manually pulled to be far away from the triangular middle block. After the side surfaces of the middle connecting square block and the side connecting square blocks are parallel, rotation is stopped. Therefore, the surveying instrument support is deformed into the flat plate type from the cylindrical shape, the surveying instrument support can effectively utilize the storage space in the storage process, meanwhile, the flat plate type structure is more stable, the support is effectively prevented from shaking and rolling in the carrying process, and the use experience of the side surveying instrument is improved.